«Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobilno-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta (MADI)» | Number 4(75), December 2023

Abstract: The article presents a critical analysis of the most relevant traffic flow models, proposes a deterministic stochastic model of traffic flow on the urban arterials and its adaptation in relation to the sections of separation, merging and weaving of traffic flows. The relevance of the development of the proposed model is due to the changed traffic conditions, primarily in large and major cities with a complex system of interchange urban arterials with collector streets and roads...

Keywords: road design, traffic flow, traffic-flow model, urban arterials

References:

1. Kravchenko P.S., Omarova G.A. Problemy informatiki, 2014, no. 1(22), pp. 24-31.
2. Shvetsov V.I. Avtomatika i telemekhanika, 2003, no.11, pp. 3-46.
3. Treiber M., Helbing D. Explanation of observed features of self-organization in traffic flow, e-print ond-mat/9901239, 1999.
4. Treiber M., Henneke A., Helbing D. Congested traffic states in empirical al observations and microscopic simulations, Physical Review E, 2000, vol. 62, pp. 1805-1824, doi 10.1103/PhysRevE.62.1805.
5. Barria J. A., Thajchayapong S. Detection and classification of traffic anomalies using microscopic traffic variables, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2011, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 695–704, doi 10.1109/TITS.2011.2157689.
6. Abatan A., Savolainen P. T. Safety analysis of interchange functional areas, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2018, vol. 2672(10), pp. 120-130, doi 10.1177/0361198118796000.
7. Hamdar S. H. Modeling Driver Behavior as a Stochastic Hazard-Based Risk-Taking Process, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ph.D. thesis, Evanston, IL, Northwestern University, 2009, 197 p.
8. Hamdar S. H., Treiber M., Mahmassani H.S., Kesting A. Modeling driver behavior as sequential risk-taking task, Transportation Research Record, 2008, vol. 2088, pp. 208-217, doi 10.3141/2088-2
9. Kostsov A.V. Nauka i tehnika v dorožnoj otrasli, 2019, no. 1(87), pp. 20-21.
10. Kostsov A.V. Transport, transportnye sooruženiâ, èkologiâ, 2019, no. 2, pp. 41-47, doi 10.15593/24111678/2019.02.05.
11. Wei C.-H. Developing freeway lane-changing support systems using artificial neural networks, Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2001, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 47-65.
12. Mai T., Jiang R., Chung E. A Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS)-based lane-changing advisory for weaving sections, Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2016, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 752–768, doi 10.1002/atr.1373.

Abstract: Ensuring the safety of takeoff and landing operations is the most important task for any civil airfield. At the same time, the concept of safety does not exclude the possibility of emergency situations, but is a state in which the risks associated with activities related to the operation of aircraft are reduced to an acceptable level and controlled. It is quite obvious that only probabilistic criteria can be used as safety criteria...

Keywords: flight safety, takeoff, landing, accident probability, EMAS, LDOR, LDUS, LDVO, TOOR, TOVO, TLS.

References:

1. Hall J., Ayres Jr. M., Wong D., Appleyard A., Eddowes M., Shirazi H., Speir R., Pitfield D., Caves R., Selezneva O., Puzin T. ACRP Report 3: Analysis of Aircraft Overruns and Undershoots for Runway Safety Areas, Washington, DC, Transportation Research Board, 2008, 59 p.
2. Ayres Jr. M., Shirazi H., Carvalho R., Hall J., Speir R., Arambula E., David R., Wong D., Gadzinski J. ACRP Report 50: Improved Models for Risk Assessment of Runway Safety Areas, Washington, DC, Transportation Research Board, 2011, 178 p.
3. Aerodrome Design Manual - Runways (Doc 9157 - Part 1), 4th Edition, Montréal, Canada, International Civil Aviation Organization, 2020, 94 p.
4. AC No: 150/5220-22B: Engineered Materials Arresting Systems (EMAS) for Aircraft Overruns, FAA, 2012, 22 p.
5. Glushkov G.I. et al., Izyskaniya i proyektirovaniye aerodromov: Spravochnik (Surveys and design of airfields: Directory), Moscow, Transport, 1990, 296 p.
6. Tatarinov V.V., Nguyen V.Kh. Vestnik MADI, 2016, no. 3(46), pp. 98-103.
7. Tatarinov V.V., Fomin A.V., Makarova Ye.A. Promyshlennoye i grazhdanskoye stroitel'stvo, 2020, no. 12, pp. 30-33.
8. Rekomendatsii po opredeleniyu raschetnykh nagruzok ot samoletov na gruppakh uchastkov pokrytiy vzletno-posadochnykh polos aerodromov (Recommendations for determining the design loads from aircraft on groups of pavement sections of airfield runways), Moscow, GPI i NII GA Aeroproyekt, 1986, 8 p.
9. Dobrov E.M., Morozov V.V., Suladze M.D., Fomin A.V. Avtomobil'nyye dorogi, 2023, no. 5(1089), pp. 108-109.
10. Dobrov E.M., Morozov V.V., Fomin A.V. Proyektirovaniye, stroitel'stvo i ekspluatatsiya aerodromov, Sbornik nauchnykh trudov, Moscow, Tekhpoligraftsentr, 2023, pp. 33-39.

Abstract: The article discusses the use of complex polymer additives for polymerasfalt concrete. It is difficult to ensure the required regulatory overhaul periods of road structures, since the highways of our country are under the influence of aggressive climatic factors that reduce their estimated service life. In order to ensure the estimated service life during the overhaul and repair of highways, roads, preference should be given, to highly efficient, resource-saving technologies...

Keywords: polymerasfalt concrete, inter-repair terms, laboratory studies, physical and mechanical properties, polymer-bitumen binder, complex polymer additives.

References:

1. Yarmolinskaya N.I., Lazareva T.L. Dal'nij Vostok. Avtomobil'nye dorogi i bezopasnost' dvizheniya, Sbornik trudov, Khabarovsk, Pacific State University, 2015, vol. 15, pp. 177-182.
2. Ushakov V.V., Yarmolinskiy V.A. Ustroystvo shchebenochno-mastichnykh asfaltobetonnykh pokrytiy s uchetom dorozhno-klimaticheskogo rayonirovaniya (The device of crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete coatings taking into account road-climatic zoning), Moscow, MADI, 2021, 110 p.
3. Chernyh, D.S., Stroev D.A., Batyrov S.A. Inzhenernyj vestnik Dona, 2016, no. 4(43), pp. 150.
4. Inozemcev S.S., Korolev E.V. Vestnik MGSU, 2015, no. 3, pp. 29-39.
5. Volfson S. I., Hakimullin U. N., Zakirova L. U., Husainov A. D., Volfson I. S., Makarov D. B., Hozin V. G. Vestnik tekhnologicheskogo universiteta, 2016, vol.19. no. 17, pp. 29-33.
6. Makarov D.B. Yаgund E.M., Ayupov D.A., Murafa A.V., Faskhutdinov K.A., Hozin V.G., YAhin R.G. Izvestiya KGASU, 2015, no. 4 (34), pp. 280-266.
7. Stroitel'nye materialy, 2008, no. 5, pp. 45-47.
8. Chernov S.A., Kaklyugin A.V., Nikitina A.N., Golyubin K.D. Vestnik MGSU, 2016, vol. 12, no. 6(105), pp. 654-660, doi 10.22227/1997-0935.2017.6.654-660.
9. Shalamanov V.A., Zaharova P.M., Moiseev D.N. Vestnik Kuzbasskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta, 2017, no. 2(120), pp. 166-169.
10. Yastremskij D.A. Vestnik Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta im. V.G. Shuhova, 2020, no. 11, pp. 24-31, doi 10.34031/2071-7318-2020-5-11-24-31.
11. Kudyakov A. I., Simakova A. S., Steshenko A. B. Vestnik Sibirskogo gosudarstvennogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo universiteta, 2021, vol. 18, no. 6(82), pp. 760-771, doi 10.26518/2071-7296-2021-18-6-760-771.

Abstract: Method of precast concrete barriers, which are widely used for road safety, lock calculation is suggested in the article. Lock connection is an important part of precast concrete barrier construction, which ensures the joint operation of blocks. An incorrectly designed lock connection could be cause a violation of road barrier integrity, when a vehicle crashes and, as a result, lead to human casualties, therefore, the development of calculation design method for these structures is an urgent problem. Suggested method contains combined approaches based both analytical principles (they are used for preliminary evaluation) and on virtual digital analysis (virtual tests). Firstly, based on the equilibrium equations, it is determined whether the lock connection will be included in the work. If the equilibrium conditions are completed, then no further calculations are required, because the lock connection will not be loaded, if not, then the use of virtual digital finite element (FE) analysis is needed. To perform this type of analysis, the Ansys software package (LS-DYNA) was used. The article also presents an example of the calculation and refinement of the J-J Hooks interlock according to the proposed method.

Keywords: precast concrete barrier, lock connection, virtual digital test, finite element method (FEM).

References:

1. Pechatnova E.V., Nechaev K.S. Vestnik Sibirskogo gosudarstvennogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo universiteta, 2023, no. 1, pp. 92-101.
2. Kapitanov V.T., Monina O.U., Chubukov A.B. Nauka i tehnika v dorozhnoj otrasli, 2016, no. 3, pp. 2-5.
3. Demiyanushko I. Modern methods of the digital virtual analysis for design and tests of road vehicle restraint systems, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021, vol. 1159, art. no. 012063, doi 10.1088/1757-899X/1159/1/012063.
4. Salimov M.S., Merkur'ev I.V. Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don), 2021, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 14-21, doi 10.23947/2687-1653-2021-21-1-14-21.
5. Demiyanushko I.V., Gruzdev A.S., Miheev P.S., Titov O.V. Nauka i tehnika v dorozhnoj otrasli, 2022, no. 1, pp. 7-10.
6. Kisel'kov A.L., Shukjurov A.O. Aktual'nye voprosy mashinovedenija, 2020, vol. 9, pp. 124-130.
7. Tymyrov A.A., Shvedov E.G. Vestnik Astrahanskogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta. Seriya: Upravlenie, vychislitel'naya tekhnika i informatika, 2023, no. 2, pp.135-144, doi 10.24143/2072-9502-2023-2-135-144.
8. Olennikov V.D. Vestnik SGUPS, 2015, no. 1(32), pp. 22-24.
9. Gul'tjaev V.I., Zubchaninov V.G., Alekseev A.A., Savrasov I.A. Vestnik Chuvashskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. I.Ja. Jakovleva. Seriya: Mekhanika predel'nogo sostoyaniya, 2021, no. 3, pp. 33-41, doi 10.37972/chgpu.2021.49.3.004.
10. Andreev K.P., Borychev S.N., Terent'ev V.V., Shemjakin A.V. Gruzovik, 2022, no. 6, pp. 43-48.

Abstract: Hydraulic shears are attachments that are used on hydraulic excavators. They are designed for destroying reinforced concrete products, structures, cutting metal structures and reinforcement. Hydraulic shears consist of several components such as jaws, knives and hydraulic cylinders. Hydraulic cylinders are used to drive the jaws of hydraulic shears. There are several types of hydraulic shears to perform certain tasks: dismantling structures, demolishing reinforced concrete structures and cutting metal structures, as well as universal hydraulic shears. Automation of the process of calculating the main parameters of hydraulic shears will make it possible to create promising effective structures for the destruction of concrete products. An information model has been created for the process of calculating the parameters of hydraulic shears as part of hydraulic equipment. It determines the state, properties of an object, processes, as well as communication with the external environment and other objects. After analyzing the information model, the initial data are determined for calculating the parameters of hydraulic equipment, which are the brand, strength of concrete, width, length of contact of the hydraulic shear tooth with concrete. The force of hydraulic shears required to destroy concrete products is determined. A mathematical model for automating the calculation of basic parameters is described. An algorithm and software for automated calculations have been developed. Loading and calculation forms are presented that display the results of designing the main parameters of excavator hydraulic shears for the destruction of concrete products.

Keywords: hydraulic shears, excavator, design, automation, software product

References:

1. Vagner B. C# Effectivnoe programmirovanie (C# Efficient Programming), Moscow, LORI, 2021, 320 p.
2. Galdin N.S., Semenova I.A. Stroitelʹnye i dorožnye mašiny, 2021, no. 6, pp. 19-22.
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Abstract: The results of tests of carbon fiber samples obtained by various processing methods: milling, laser cutting, waterjet cutting, for fatigue strength under conditions of cyclic bending loading and the influence of ultralow temperatures (-50 °C) for 60 and 120 hours are presented. Cyclic loading was carried out by the method of three-point bending with a frequency of 5 Hz and an amplitude equal to 75% of the average value of the maximum deflection of all types of tested samples. A feature of the technique performed by fatigue tests is that the total number of high-cycle loading cycles (105 cycles) was divided into equal blocks (5∙103 cycles), after each of which a three-point bending test was performed for a given deflection value equal to the amplitude of cyclic loading. This approach made it possible to determine the nature of damage accumulation and the onset of local stress relaxation in the matrix of the studied CFRP samples during cyclic bending. Based on the results of the tests, it was found that the difference in bending strength for all types of samples under study is up to 6%, while the best strength characteristics are obtained by milling samples. The specimens obtained by laser cutting have the highest residual strength after cyclic bending. To a large extent, the loss of strength in bending, both before and after cyclic loading, is influenced by the waterjet method of processing carbon plastics.

Keywords: waterjet cutting, bending, polymer composite materials, laser cutting, strength, negative temperature, carbon fiber reinforced plastics, fatigue, cyclic loading, milling

References:

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Abstract: The issues of application of controlled gear mechanisms of power distribution in transmissions of modern serial transport vehicles as an element of the system of stabilization of lateral stability against skidding are considered. It is shown that considerable attention is paid to this problem abroad in the theoretical justification, examples of mass-produced mechanisms for this purpose are given. Examples of theoretical works of domestic researchers solving similar problems are given. The authors pose the problem of full control over the distribution of traction forces in the transmissions of four-wheel drive vehicles (both single-body and articulated vehicles, road trains with an active trailer link) and propose a schematic solution in the form of a four-wheel drive transmission structure with controlled gear inter-axle and inter-wheel power distribution mechanisms. Examples of kinematic schemes of such mechanisms providing differential coupling between driven shafts during rectilinear motion are given. The question of determining the external parameters of the power distribution mechanisms is considered by the example of the rotation scheme of a road train with an active trailer-dissolution equipped with an electromechanical transmission. Attention is paid to the principles of the organization of controlled slipping of disk friction control elements of the power distribution mechanism due to pulse-width modulation of pressure in the control line. An alternative principle using an electromechanical drive is proposed. Transmissions built on the basis of the principles considered can find application on wheeled and tracked vehicles, road construction, forestry and mining machines and special robotic mobile platforms.

Keywords: transmission, gearbox, power distribution, tractor, forest vehicles

References:

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Abstract: The main features of the use of 3D printing in mechanical engineering, in particular in the production of parts for road-building and hoisting-and-transport machines, are analyzed. The main characteristics are considered, and the advantages and disadvantages of the materials used in the manufacture of master models using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D printing technology are highlighted. ABS and PLA plastic filaments of the REC brand, the most widely used in 3D printing, were chosen as the objects of study. It has been established that in mechanical engineering and related industries, it is most preferable to use ABS plastic for the manufacture of master models. The results of experimental studies on the determination of the glass transition temperature of ABS plastics of the Print Product and Printer Filament brands are presented. Experimental studies were carried out by the method of differential scanning calorimetry. The main factors that have the greatest influence on the shrinkage of master models made of ABS and PLA plastics have been established. It has been determined that such printing parameters as operating temperature, layer cooling rate, print layer thickness, and infill percentage have the greatest influence on shrinkage. The prospects for the joint use of casting and 3D printing in the manufacture of parts for road construction and hoisting and transport machines have been identified.

Keywords: 3D printing, casting, master model, shrinkage, glass transition temperature, technological modes, FDM technology.

References:

1. Gardan, J. International Journal of Production Research, 2016, vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 3118-3132.
2. Zorin V.A., Timchenko I.M. Mekhanizaciya stroitel’stva, 2018, no. 1, pp. 5-8.
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4. Kondrashov S.V., Py`xtina A.A., Larionov S.A., Sorokin A.E. Trudy` VIAM, 2019, no. 10(82), pp. 34-39, doi 10.18577/2307-6046-2019-0-10-34-49.
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6. Balashov A.V., Cherdancev A.O., Novikovskij E.A., Anan'in S.V., Beloplotov S.V. Polzunovskij vestnik, 2016, no. 2, pp. 61-64.
7. Afoshin A.A. Sbornik nauchny`x trudov Donbasskogo gosudarstvennogo texnicheskogo universiteta, 2019, no. 15, pp. 113-118.
8. Nefelov I.S. Interstrojmex-2022, Sbornik statei, Yaroslavl, YaGTU, 2022, pp. 315-319.
9. Dvoryankin A.O., Nefelov I.S. Baurova N.I. Vse materiali. Enciclopedicheskii spravochnik, 2022, no. 3, pp. 44-48, doi 10.31044/1994-6260-2022-0-3-44-48.
10. Dolgolenko, I.S. Nefelov I.S., Konoplin A.Yu. Remont. Vosstanovlenie. Modernizaciya. 2023, no. 3. pp. 27-31, doi 10.31044/1684-2561-2023-0-3-27-31.
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Abstract: The Russian Federation has a significant transit potential to ensure international transit traffic. This is due, on the one hand, to its unique geographical location (the nexus between the international transport corridors ‘East – West’ and ‘North –South’), on the other, to the exceptional breadth of the territory (about 13 % of the Earth's surface). Meanwhile, at present, the transit potential of the Russian Federation remains poorly realized, and its use is stable within only 5-7 %. The fact of insufficient realization of the country's transit potential is also reflected in a number of strategic planning documents at the federal level. Thus, in the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025 (approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 207-r dated 13.02.2019), one of the main trends in the spatial development of the state is ‘preservation of infrastructure restrictions of federal significance’, which is reflected in ‘preservation of sites with limited capacity (including international checkpoints) forming international transport corridors “West – East” and “North-South”’.

Keywords: automobile checkpoint, state border, development of transport system infrastructure, customs border, customs authorities, international transportation, transit transportation, carrier

References:

1. Snapkova O.V. Vestnik Rossiyskoy tamozhennoy akademii, 2022, no. 3(60), pp. 130-138.
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Abstract: The article examines the prospects for the construction of the Zangezur transport corridor, taking into account historical and geopolitical factors. After the second Karabakh war, prospects for launching the Zangezur corridor appeared. The authors examine the relevance of creating the Zangezur corridor and substantiate its socio-economic and political significance for the countries of the region. The opening of the Zangezur corridor will have a significant impact on the development of foreign economic relations, transit potential, as well as the economies of many countries. In particular, the possibilities of freight transportation and new transport connections between countries that the corridor will open are being considered. The amount of work required for its implementation is given, taking into account various approaches. The main positive and negative factors affecting the interested countries during its implementation are analyzed: Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkey and Iran. The benefits received by each party if the route is opened through the territories of the participating states are considered. The relationship between the construction of the Zangezur corridor and the global projects “Silk Road” and “North-South” is shown. Promising directions of development are described, an analysis of the main risks when opening this route is given, which are foreign policy factors, as well as the low pace of modernization of existing railway lines.

Keywords: transport systems, transport corridor, land communication, road and rail transport, railway transport, Zangezur corridor

References:

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Abstract: Research on the effect of air filter contamination on vehicle fuel economy is of high importance to the automotive industry. A dirty air filter prevents the normal air flow into the engine, which can lead to a decrease in its capacity and an increase in fuel consumption, and this also has both economic and environmental consequences. The results of modern research allow us to determine the impact of air filter contamination on the fuel economy of a car, which, in turn, allows car manufacturers to improve filtration systems. This article provides an overview of the methods and research on the effect of air filter contamination on vehicle fuel economy. The authors examine various aspects of the problem, including the effect of air filter pollution on fuel economy and engine capacity.

Keywords: air filter contamination, fuel economy (fuel consumption), filtration systems, air cleaner, test bench, pressure drop

References:

1. Ivanov V.N., Erohov V.I. Ekonomiya topliva na avtomobil'nom transporte (Fuel economy in road transportation), Moscow, Transport, 1984, 300 p.
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Abstract: Modern manufacturers of vehicles use flexible maintenance systems to adjust the frequency of maintenance. At the same time, to counteract the occurrence of failures, it is advisable to further increase the functions of flexible systems, including planning preventive and related repairs that prevent road failures. The purpose of this work is to substantiate the technological capabilities of such an expansion of the functionality of flexible systems using estimates of the operating capacity of buses. An addition to the algorithms of the flexible systems used for automated planning of preventive and related repairs of buses is proposed. Methodological, software and hardware tools for implementing a new function of a flexible system for service networks of bus manufacturers and operating motor transport enterprises are outlined.

Keywords: flexible maintenance systems, repair, technical condition, failure, defect, serviceability reserve

References:

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Abstract: The article presents a model for the synthesis of an optimal quality management program for decision-making in intelligent systems for the organization of road transport. When forming it, it is necessary to solve the problem of calculating certain probabilistic characteristics of the optimality functional due to the insufficiency of the initial statistical information. This is exactly the kind of information situation that actually develops almost always when organizing the work of complex organizational and technical transport systems, when it is necessary to consider the implementation of random disturbances as a possible strategy option for the intended player, as which nature can be taken. A special theory of "playing with nature" deals with the study of such information situations. In it, the most difficult case is when it is necessary to make decisions on the formation of optimal management strategies in conditions of uncertainty. Models for solving problems of this class are based on algorithms for solving problems of a stochastic control system with the only difference that the laws of distribution of random variables characterizing the parameters of the system are unknown. When synthesizing an optimal stochastic control system, it is necessary to perform a number of mandatory actions: analysis of random disturbances and factors of the internal and external environment acting on the system; derivation of stochastic differential equations reflecting the dynamic nature of the system; selection and justification of the functional (criterion or criteria) of optimality and constraints; selection and justification of probabilistic characteristics of the functional or optimality functionals; analysis, refinement and simplification of stochastic equations of the system in accordance with the selected criterion (criteria) of optimality and constraints; selection and justification of methods of statistical analysis of the studied parameters in the system; selection and justification of the method of reducing the stochastic optimization problem to the problems of nonlinear (linear) programming; choice of the solution method the choice and justification of the method of searching for optimal values of the parameters of the system under study. Only the fulfillment of the above actions and conditions allows us to build algorithms and create software for solving specific tasks of stochastic multi-criteria optimization in multilevel hierarchical intelligent systems of organization of road transport.

Keywords: automobile transportation, intelligent systems, information situation, decision theory, stochastic uncertainty, vector optimization methods, multi-criteria problem, linear and nonlinear programming

References:

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