«Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobilno-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta (MADI)» | Number 3(74), September 2023

Abstract: When designing the repair of a highway, the introduction of artificial neural networks (ANN) into the decision-making process is effective to reduce the decision-making time, increase the number of search options. ANN is a mathematical model, as well as its software or hardware implementation, built on the principle of organization and functioning of biological neural networks – networks of nerve cells of a living organism. As for a living organism, an important stage in the formation of an ANN is its training. A road designer goes through the training path for an average of 3-5 years (bachelor-master, specialist), during this time he gets knowledge of the basics of the profession, gets his first experience working in a team of professionals. Then another 3-5 years pass, during which he (she) becomes a full-fledged specialist in the field of design, adopts experience from his mentors, learns from mistakes, his own and others, and, as a rule, during this period he performs 5-10 design objects (on average 1-2 construction objects per year). To a greater extent, these are repairs and major repairs, in which an important component is the formation of a reliable digital twin of an existing object, and then a digital model of the project to develop an optimal design solution. Thus, the experience of a road engineer is measured on average by 30-40 variants of design solutions over a time period of 3-5 years and, as a rule, is reduced to multiple optimization of surfaces in space, which takes up to 80 % of the designer's working time.

Keywords: computer-aided design, defects, neural networks, mathematical model

References

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Abstract: In the last decade, finite element methods of calculating transport structures have been actively introduced in Russia. When creating finite element models of structures covering airfields and highways, bearing layers of railway tracks, etc., it is necessary to determine the dynamic properties of asphalt concrete material. Asphalt concrete under dynamic loads and small deformations behaves like a linear viscoelastic material. To calculate structures containing asphalt concrete using universal finite element packages such as ANSYS®, LS-DYNA®, Marc® and Mentat® and others, it is required to enter the properties of asphalt concrete expressed in terms of time-dependent shear modulus G(t) and volumetric deformation modulus K(t), presented in in the form of rows of Proni. At the same time, in experimental studies, the dynamic properties of asphalt concrete, in accordance with GOST R 58401.21—2019, are determined by the dynamic modulus of elasticity |E*(ω)| and the phase angle Ѳ(ω) between stress and deformation. The article discusses the method of determining the parameters of a vis-coelastic asphalt concrete model for their use in finite element calculations, based on experimental data ob-tained in accordance with GOST R 58401.21—2019 and PNST 542-2021, when using the tools of the finite ele-ment complex Marc® and Mentat® for processing these data.

Keywords: asphalt concrete, linear viscoelastic material, finite element methods, methodology for determining the parame-ters of a viscoelastic model of asphalt concrete.

References

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Abstract: The article examines digital models of energy-absorbing elements of standard road frontal barriers designs installed on highways and aimed at improving safety and reducing the risk of serious injury during frontal collisions of vehicles with obstacles, such as, for example, bridge supports or end sections of side road barriers. The principle of such structures operation is based on the transition process to a steady constant force in the energy-absorbing part of the structure, which ensures safe uniformly slow motion and a complete stop of an overrunning car. To study the mechanics of typical energy-absorbing elements operation, laboratory tests were carried out in order to obtain the main mechanical characteristics and parameters of material models, as well as bench tests, on the basis of which their validated digital models were developed. Based on the developed validated digital models of energy-absorbing elements, general digital models of typical structures of restraint systems - frontal road barriers were built to conduct full-scale digital virtual tests and compare with the results of field tests. All virtual tests were carried out using the Ansys LS-DYNA nonlinear transient dynamics software package.

Keywords: finite element method (FEM), road frontal barrier, bench test, validation, digital model

References

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Abstract: The presented research is devoted to the possibility of improving the ecological state of the urban environment by creating additional landscaping of the roofs of buildings. The trend of population growth in large cities entails the need to increase the number of construction of buildings for various purposes to meet human needs, the construction of roads, which dramatically worsens the ecological state of the air inside the urban space. The article analyzes the sources of pollution and studies in more depth the pollution from road transport as the main source of the air environment. All three groups of pollutants were analyzed by size (fine, medium and large fractions), by chemical composition and the effect of these particles on the human body, depending on the area of their deposition in the body. The harm they cause to the body is indicated, depending on the fraction of dust masses. As an example, we took the city of Ryazan, which in terms of population is classified as a large city according to the classification Set of rules 42.13330.2016. A method is proposed to reduce negative trends in the deterioration of the environmental situation of large cities by creating additional green areas at the roof level of medium and multi-storey buildings.

Keywords: biosphere-compatible settlement, environmental safety, sources of urban pollution, population density, road transport

References:

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Abstract: The article describes the advantages and problems of scalability of the introduction of automated vehicles, the main of which is the confidence that such vehicles are able to fully ensure road safety. The authors substantiate the significance and formulate the tasks necessary to solve the problem of ensuring the safety of automated vehicles during operation. The article describes the structure and components of the integrated security of authorized vehicles. The safety methods used by the world's leading developers of automated driving systems are presented. In order to understand the current level of development of the system of regulation of automated vehicles and the state of affairs in the industry, the rules for the admission of automated vehicles to public roads in the USA, the European Union and Russia are analyzed, differences and shortcomings are identified. Based on the results of the analysis of existing safety standards used in the automotive industry, the authors formulated an approach to the development of safety mechanisms for automated vehicles, the use of which, together with the use of high-quality software and design solutions, will ensure the maximum level of safety of automated driving systems before being released on public roads.

Keywords: highly automated vehicles, autonomous vehicles, automated driving system, hazard analysis, risk assessment, functional safety, operational safety

References:

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Abstract: Today, transport is one of the basic branches of the economy, since its role is reduced not so much to the movement of goods and passengers, but to a determining effect on the entire production process, shaping the economic, social, cultural development of society. The purpose of the article is to analyze the transport provision of the territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The main directions of development of the country's transport complex have been identified within the framework of the development strategy of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2035. The development of this territory, and the construction of new transport infrastructure facilities is conditioned by the implementation of major economic and investment projects that provide demand for high-tech products in these regions. In addition, the territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation provides production of more than 80 % of combustible natural gas and 17 % of oil. Together, the question of transport accessibility of the regions arises not only from the point of view of the development of mineral deposits, but also from the point of view of improving the quality of life of the permanent population and expanding the possibilities of commodity movement in these territories.

Keywords: transport accessibility, development of transport infrastructure, prospects for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, foreign trade indicators, foreign trade structure, international transportation

References:

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Abstract: The purpose of the study is to substantiate the approach to organizing the work of road transport at a metallurgical enterprise in modern economic conditions. The basis of the proposed approach is to find a balance between the interests of the customer and the provider of transport services. The balance of interests is achieved by operating a fleet with a carrying capacity that ensures the maximum volume of cargo transportation or transport work by existing vehicles without increasing the cost of services. In the course of the study described in the article, the reasons for the loss of carrying capacity due to the identified relationship with the type of transported cargo and ways to eliminate them are established. To achieve this goal, the authors needed to solve the following tasks: formation of a model for searching for a balance of interests of the customer and the contractor of motor transport services; establishing the reasons for the loss of carrying capacity of the industrial vehicle fleet; feasibility study of the possibility of practical application of the results of the research. The possibility of practical application of the results of the study is justified by the presence of an economic effect for a metallurgical enterprise in terms of saving the budget for motor vehicle maintenance of production units, which is shown by the example of transportation of metallurgical slag.

Keywords: transport service, balance of interests, metallurgical enterprise, industrial vehicle fleet, carrying capacity

References:

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Abstract: This study is justified by the need to evaluate the efficiency of superfast charging station of electric buses (EB) located at charging depots. The article discusses the theoretical precondition for evaluating the efficiency of superfast charging station using simulation modeling. To build simulation models, specialized software has been developed that allows to determine the main parameters and efficiency factors for a certain time period according to the current schedule of the vehicle on a particular route, including EB charging sessions timing with different number of functional superfast charging station (n) at the charging depot. Based on results of carried estimation, a theoretical model is built that simulates EBs charging session organization with conditional assignment to charging depot according to the actual or planed schedule and a certain number of shifts made according to the plan, taking into account the necessary reserve vehicles. The impact of each route traffic with different duration of planned charging session on the simulation model main performance indicators is evaluated for charging depots with different amount of charging stations. In terms of on obtained results, recommendations are made to ensure optimal load on charging stations of the depot. To clarify the accuracy of recommendations based on theoretical simulation models base, regular field inspections of the current operating situation are carried.

Keywords: electric bus (EB), pantograph, superfast charging station, charging depots, simulation model of the work of the charging depots, optimization of the number of superfast charging stations

References:

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Abstract: This article presents the main characteristics of the Palestinian fleet of vehicles and the features of their technical service, including the problems of service public vehicles. A methodical approach has been proposed to optimize the processes of technical service of vehicles of public services in Palestine, which takes into account specific capital costs, average annual costs for the acquisition of vehicles, costs for unnecessary loss of time and other factors. This methodological approach is based on the regularities of the queuing theory. The analysis of the influence of the division of production capacities into several enterprises on the length of the queues, on the total loss of waiting time for repairs, as well as the influence of redundancy by posts and topography of the area on the overall efficiency of the system, was carried out. The proposed methodology makes it possible to determine the optimal structure of the technical service to maintain the fleet of Palestinian public services in a working and technically sound condition, which will, first of all, increase the readiness of patrol cars to perform the assigned functions of ensuring law and order in the country.

Keywords: maintenance, car repair, technical service enterprises, optimization, loss of time, queuing system, division of production capacities, redundancy, topography, public services

References:

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Abstract: The article analyzes the reasons for the decrease in fuel efficiency and traction-speed properties of vehicles, both among the rolling stock of motor transport enterprises and among personal motor transport. The methods of servicing critical elements of a gasoline engine responsible for the preparation and efficient combustion of a fuel-air mixture are considered. The paper graphically and analytically substantiates the discrepancy between the calculated and actual values of the parameter of specific fuel consumption by gasoline internal combustion engines. The results of road and bench tests are presented, proving the different results of the received information on fuel consumption, depending on the method of obtaining it. The values of parameter deviations are presented depending on the operating mode of the internal combustion engine during test runs. To perform an experimental study, a fuel consumption measurement device UIRT-01 developed at the Department of Operation of Motor Transport and Car Service MADI was used. With its help, an effective method of servicing critical elements was determined, which allows restoring the power indicators of the internal combustion engine and reducing fuel consumption. The parameters that need to be used to correct the calculated values of the fuel consumption of the vehicle during tests using on-board (built-in) or mobile means of diagnosing the internal combustion engine have been identified.

Keywords: fuel consumption measurement, throughput, bench tests, road tests, fuel correction

References:

1. Hodyakov A. A., Khlopkov S. V., Basova V. V. Vestnik Rossiyskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: Injenerniye issledovaniya, 2022, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 38-46.
2. Hodyakov A. A., Khlopkov S. V., Basova V. V., Telkov O.I., Kosmacheva A.D. Vestnik Rossiyskogo universiteta druzhby narodov Seriya: Injenerniye issledovaniya, 2022, vol. 23, no. 2, pp.146-154.
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Abstract: This article discusses in detail one of the methods aimed at increasing the service life of special vehicles (SV). The possibility of using oil-soluble corrosion inhibitors (OCI) in the composition of oils used in slewing mechanisms, bearings, as well as SV transmission has been studied. The principle of operation of the OCI is analyzed. The rationale for the need to include surface-active substances (surfactants) in the composition of inhibitors has been carried out. The physicochemical properties of three key categories of corrosion inhibitors (IC) from the VNH series were determined. The effect of IC concentration on the service life of friction pairs of SV was established. The technical characteristics of ethanolamines, such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine, were determined by an analytical method. The mechanism of the use of boron as part of IC has been studied. The expediency of using petrochemical synthesis products as additives to achieve the corrosion resistance of metal surfaces and hinged joints is determined. The composition and process of obtaining such additives to achieve the optimal practical effect are described. The most common natural film-forming substances are considered. A study was made of the scope of the proposed solution based on amino alcohols in SV units and assemblies to increase the service life and efficiency of the workflow.

Keywords: special vehicles, reliability of components and assemblies of machinery, friction pairs, anticorrosive additives, surfactants, increasing the service life of a special car

References:

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Abstract: The article provides an analysis of the use of decision support systems, considers the problem of management, including complex technical systems, which is constantly aggravated by the presence of interoperable contradictions: between the increasing complexity of managed systems and a fixed number of managerial staff, between the need to reduce the timing of decision-making and their quality, between the specifics and compatibility of tasks, solved in the management process, between the complexity of management tasks and the level of training of management personnel and a number of others. The decision support system (DSS), unlike the most common expert systems, provides the development of solutions only in situations described by experts, previously encountered and entered into the knowledge base regarding the management systems of the project, implying the likelihood of an "error", is predominant. The method of forming a vehicle repair system as a research process is presented, and in this case, the DSS acts as a tool for in-depth study of the system under consideration. The algorithm of decision support for technical maintenance of vehicles at the enterprise and one of the methods of its implementation based on the solution of the optimization task of substantiating the structure and characteristics of the repair and production base based on the Hook – Jeeves method are proposed.

Keywords: management system, maintenance, repair, vehicle, decision support system

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