«Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobilno-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta (MADI)» | Number 2(73), July 2023

Abstract

The creation of durable road surfaces largely depends on the correct selection of the composition of asphalt concrete, taking into account the quality of the materials and additives used. Traditional methods of selection are quite time-consuming due to the large number of tests and the duration of their conduct, which entails a high consumption of materials. In order to improve these processes and reduce the design time of the composition of modified crushed-mastic asphalt concrete of improved quality, the authors propose in the presented paper the results of their research on the use of the mathematical planning method during an experiment to optimize the composition of a stabilizing cellulose-containing additive (SCA) for crushed-mastic asphalt concrete. Cellulose fiber, rubber powder obtained after grinding used truck tires, and viscous petroleum bitumen were used as starting materials for the manufacture of the additive (SCA). Using an additive developed by the authors, including 90% cellulose fiber up to 2 mm long, 5% rubber powder with a particle diameter of up to 0.5 mm and 5 % bitumen grade BND 100/130, crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete with a compressive strength of 1.7 MPa at a temperature of 50 оC, water content of 1.64 % and runoff of bitumen binder 0.12 %.

Keywords: crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete, stabilizing cellulose-containing additive, cellulose fiber, rubber powder, bitumen, composition optimization

References

Abstract

The article considers the problem of construction of automobile road elements with the use of modern information technologies. The construction and repair of road networks, taking into account the use of new technologies, raises the question of improving the control system of the working equipment of construction machinery to create high-quality parameters of road elements. Modern requirements for the quality of roads lead to the need for constant modernization of road construction equipment and automation systems used in road construction. The final quality of the road is largely determined by the accuracy of compliance of road construction works with the required design parameters. The use of modern systems of automation in road-building machinery design can achieve the required indicators of road quality and increase the efficiency of production process. The most promising systems with high performance indicators are leveling systems, which help to solve the problem of unevenness in the construction of road elements. Leveling systems or automation systems for controlling road construction equipment are designed to keep the operating tool, such as the blade of an excavator or screed, in the correct position for the construction project.

Keywords: leveling system, indicator laser systems, ultrasonic systems, road construction

References

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Abstract

To date, research is being actively conducted in the field of optimizing the route of vehicles on public roads. One of the directions of such optimization is to reduce the fuel consumption of the vehicle and optimize the trajectory of movement along the route. Today, there are workable driver assistance systems that give timely recommendations to the driver on adjusting the driving mode, but what is the situation with highly automated, connected vehicles? The article discusses the latest research in the field of energy efficiency of autonomous, connected vehicles. Various scenarios of traffic modes are analyzed: regulated intersections, expressways, sections of road with variable terrain; energy efficiency systems for trucks and passenger vehicles; models of energy-efficient management for gasoline, diesel, hybrid and electric types of power plants. The considered developments were tested in a traffic flow with different levels of automation and density. The current problems hindering the further development of energy-efficient management systems are presented and ways to solve them are proposed. An overview of the latest innovations of the Western world in the field of V2X and IoT is presented and the prospects for the introduction of the technologies considered are described. The analysis showed that it is necessary to work in the field of an integrated approach to the energy efficiency of connected, automated vehicles, regardless of their power plant, modes and operating conditions.

Keywords: automobile, highly automated transport, autonomous transport, energy efficiency, fuel consumption, fuel economy, energy saving, V2X.

References

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Abstract

The article is devoted to the issues of choosing thermal sensors for monitoring the thermal state of the elements of the hydraulic drive of a single-bucket excavator when using the system of thermal preparation of the hydraulic drive. The practical experience of using various temperature sensors in the process of conducting experiments on the thermal preparation of the hydraulic drive of a single-bucket excavator is described. The main problems that arose in the process of research when using various types of temperature sensors, their advantages and disadvantages are considered. Attention is paid to the issues of matching temperature sensors with signal amplification devices and data recording devices. The material presented within the framework of the article is intended to help researchers planning to conduct temperature measurements to choose the most suitable means for measuring the temperature of units and assemblies of transport and technological machines according to the tasks set.

Keywords: temperature sensor, thermal state monitoring, hydraulic drive, thermal preparation, temperature sensitive element, working fluid, measuring instruments

References

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Abstract

The features of determining the thixotropic properties of polymeric materials used in the repair of machines are considered. The main problems of determining these properties for dispersion-filled polymers and the approaches used are shown. The results of experimental studies on the determination of the thixotropic properties of the epoxy composition ED-20 with various types of dispersed fillers are presented. For experimental studies, the most common dispersed fillers in the repair of machines were selected - aluminum powder PAP 1 and carbon-containing powder UGS 628-30. The main technological features and advantages of these fillers are considered. Knowledge of the thixotropic properties of dispersed fillers will allow you to correctly select the concentration of the components of the repair composition and prevent technological errors when applying the material to curved and vertical surfaces. It is shown that when dispersed fillers are introduced into the epoxy resin, the thixotropic properties of the composition change depending on the type of filler. The flow rate of the samples was determined, it was found that the thixotropic properties of compositions containing aluminum powder are higher than compositions containing carbon-containing powder. At the same time, the difference in the thixotropic properties of polymeric materials containing aluminum powder and carbon-containing powder is not large, which allows the use of both fillers and will ensure that the necessary requirements for the repair composition are met.

Keywords: dispersed fillers, thixotropic properties, aluminum powder, carbon-containing powder

References

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Abstract

When constructing an earthen embankment of a road, an important technological process that ensures strength, stability and stability of the structure is the compaction operation. Despite the fact that the cost of this process is disproportionately small in relation to the total cost of construction, high-quality compaction can increase the life of the structure and reduce the cost of maintaining the highway. Soils are compacted by rollers with rigid metal rollers and pneumatic tires. Pneumatic tires provide optimal contact stresses in the compacted soil by changing the internal air pressure, taking into account the current strength characteristics of the processed soil layer. The elasticity of pneumatic tires ensures uniform distribution of stresses on the ground surface. The article provides an analysis of the work of a vibratory pneumatic skating rink during soil compaction using the example of loam. The results of studies on determining the magnitude of the driving force of the vibration exciter and the frequency of its oscillations depending on the rigidity of the pneumatic drum and the current coefficient of soil compaction are presented. As a result, the main parameters of a vibratory pneumatic tire roller at various stages of compaction were determined: the area of contact of the working body with the soil, the rigidity of the working body, the coefficient of viscous friction of the working body, the oscillation frequency of the vibration exciter. The efficiency of vibratory rollers on pneumatic tires largely depends on the choice of these parameters. Taking into account the proposed research results will reduce the duration of the compaction process and improve the technical and economic performance of a set of construction machines.

Keywords: soil compaction, the contact area of the pneumatic working body of the roller with the ground, the rigidity of the roller, the coefficient of viscous friction of the roller, the vibration exciter oscillation frequency

References

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Abstract

Forecasting the program in the maintenance and repair of road construction machines is an actual problem. This article presents a methodology for predicting the annual program for the maintenance and repair of road construction machines operating in various regions of Vietnam, taking into account the specifics of operating conditions. Using the method of expert assessment, a methodology has been developed for assessing certain parameters of the reliability of road construction machines, as well as analyzing the influence of factors related to the conditions of organization of operation, maintenance and repair systems, natural and geographical factors, on the reliability of road construction machines operating in Vietnam.

Keywords: maintenance and repair, road construction machines, expert evaluation, reliability, generalized coefficient

References

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Abstract

The article presents theoretical approaches to the development of a methodology for predicting the occurrence of road accidents on public roads, using the conflict coefficient. The conflict coefficient is calculated in real time when two or more vehicles interact within the same road scene, and also takes into account the influence of environmental factors on vehicles. An important advantage of using the methodology for predicting the occurrence of road accidents based on the conflict coefficient is the possibility of using it in real or forecast time. Predicting the occurrence of road accidents in real time allows you to take preventive measures to prevent them, as well as to conduct a comparative assessment of various sections of the road network from the point of view of safety in real time. The methodology described in the article can be used in particular for a comprehensive assessment of the safety of various sections of the road network. Also, the application of the technique is possible when creating control algorithms for highly automated vehicles and when creating promising intelligent transport systems.

Keywords: traffic accident, social transport risk, road safety, calculation of conflict of motor traffic flow, calculation of accident rate

References

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Abstract

The article discusses the implementation of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) service for mobility management on the example of "Carpooling" technology. The term "Carpooling" means the sharing of a private car by means of online services to find hitchhikers. The development of this service presents the process of organizing technology based on the digital traffic model (DTM). The concept of the user service is formed on the basis of the provision of the right of priority passage, and implies the state control. An important factor is to ensure the security of users' personal data. Potential consumers of the service will find it easier to give up personal cars in favor of shoring vehicles due to the economic benefits. The article presents the logic of the aggregator's functions in working with the proposed ITS service. The article presents the data of sociological research of potential users of the ITS service, which indicates a high level of drivers' readiness to use the Carpooling technology. This type of service has a number of advantages, which will allow not only to solve transport problems, mutually beneficial for each user, but also to ensure effective operation of urban infrastructure.

Keywords: Intelligent Transport System (ITS), ITS services, Digital Traffic Model (DTM), mobility, "Carpooling" technology, ridesharing, carsharing

References

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Abstract:

This article proposes a method for processing statistical data from the field of road safety, including one of the main indicators of road traffic accidents - the number of deaths due to road accidents. In addition, a number of, at first glance, unrelated quantitative indicators are considered that determine the degree of harm to life and health of people in various spheres of life and are reflected in state statistical reporting (mortality structure in the Russian Federation), as well as the number of crimes by individual compositions. With the help of mathematical statistics based on correlation and regression analysis, the principal component analysis, as well as the identification of significant indicators according to data for 50 years in the period from 1971 to 2020, a connection between the number of deaths in road traffic accidents and the mortality rates of people from various causes in Russia was established. It has been suggested that the processes in the field of road transport safety and other areas may be based on general socio-economic factors. There is a close correlation between the number of deaths in road accidents and the number of grievous bodily harm, both over the entire period under review and over ten-year time periods, while the data change according to a close linear relationship. Noteworthy is the steady decline in all the indicators discussed above since 2005, which may be a prerequisite for a more detailed study. The result of the study makes it possible to build a system to support decision-making aimed at increasing road transport safety, reducing the causes of harm to life and health of people.

Keywords: road accident rate, correlation analysis, regression analysis, principal component method, decision support system

References

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Abstract

In the context of difficult geopolitical situation in the world, the issues of saving various types of resources, including fuel, are becoming more and more important. This situation leads scientists to search for new alternative energy sources. Therefore, the most popular sources are biofuels, propane-butane mixtures, solar panels, electric batteries and hydrogen. Most of them have some disadvantages, namely: small power reserve, complication of the car design, car weighting, and fire and explosion hazard. The KuzSTU Department of Car Operation together with Limited Liability Company "Siberia Hydrogen Systems" developed and installed an innovative internal combustion engine power system with three-component mixture consisting of gasoline, air and hydrogen for a gasoline car. It is important to note that the monatomic hydrogen produced by the GGS gas generation system is a super catalyst for various types of hydrocarbon fuels. The following diagnostic equipment was used to compare the efficiency of the two power systems: gas analyser, motor tester, car scanner, fuel flow meter. A preliminary series of experiments showed that the new system surpasses the standard power supply system in several indicators. Thus, the economic characteristics of the engine decreased by 40 %, namely, fuel consumption decreased to 7.1 litres per 100 kilometres in the urban cycle. The toxicity of exhaust gases also showed a positive effect; the indicators of the amount of hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases were analysed for its assessment. In addition, the efficiency of cylinders work has increased by 30 %. At the same time, the hydrogen generator was used only at 10 % of its rated power.

Keywords: internal combustion engine, hydrogen fuel, gasoline, automobile, integration, power system, efficiency, diagnostics

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Abstract

The implementation of the program for the maintenance and repair of the fleet is possible if a systematic approach is applied in the technical operation of the fleet, including ensuring the efficiency of the logistics system. The introduction of a spare parts management system at a transit agency will increase the readiness of the city bus fleet, while reducing the cost of maintaining the fleet in good condition. The proposed spare parts management system contains ten elements, the key is to calculate the need for spare parts for urban buses based on their standard consumption, data on the number and operating time of the fleet for the period under review, as well as stock balances for each of the items under consideration. The article provides a methodology for carrying out calculations using the example of the need for maintenance spare parts, as well as an example of calculating the determination of the volume of spare parts for the bus fleet of LiAZ-621365-79.

Keywords: bus, spare parts, spare parts management system, demand for spare parts, spare parts consumption rates

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Abstract

The paper deals with the measurement of the road roughness and the experimental studies of the ride comfort of motor vehicles. The microprofile measurement of paved road sections in the Moscow region and vertical accelerations measurement in different points of sprung and unsprung masses of the vehicle when it moves along the same road sections with different speeds have been done. The methodologies and results of the experimental studies are described. The experiments were carried out with the use of the road laboratory designed for the road roughness measuring. The surveyed roads have different levels of roughness and can be classified as smooth asphalt concrete, asphalt concrete and broken asphalt concrete. The obtained arrays of the microprofile ordinates as a function of the distance measured along the longitudinal axis of the road surface make it possible to obtain all the currently used criteria for the longitudinal road roughness. Spectral densities of microprofile ordinates of the surveyed road sections and vertical accelerations of sprung and unsprung masses of the vehicle have been obtained. The results of the two experiments are in good agreement with each other. The levels of vertical accelerations of the vehicle qualitatively correspond to the levels of disturbing influence created by the roads. The experimental data obtained can be used for the simulation of motor vehicle vibrations.

Keywords: evenness of the microprofile of the longitudinal profile of highways, ride comfort, vertical accelerations of sprung and unsprung masses, spectral density

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