«Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobilno-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta (MADI)» | Number 3(70), September 2022

Abstract

The article considers a method for determining the equivalent driving cycle of an electrified passenger vehicle, based on the analysis of bus routes. Instantaneous movement speeds were recorded and data processing was performed in the MATLAB mathematical modeling environment using the Simulink. Calculations, based on these data, were made to determine the main vehicle movement parameters, such as acceleration, traction force, torque, and energy consumption. The authors analyzed the main operational parameters of traffic routes and made a statistical sample. Based on statistical analysis, the following equivalent characteristics of the route were obtained: equivalent load and the length of the route, root mean square (RMS) current of the traction battery (TB) and the equivalent torque of the traction electric drive (TED). The article shows the main dependencies of the studied parameters on the drive cycle. 

Keywords: traction electric drive, traction battery, electric vehicle maintenance, driving routes, passenger flow, algorithms, traction calculation, statistical analysis, MATLAB, Simulink.

References

1. Chenwei X., Xingjiang L., Yanlong L., Jiqiang W. Fast market growth and R&D progress of xEV Li ion batteries in China, 33rd International Battery Seminar, available at: https://cii-resource.com/cet/FBC-05-06/Presentations/BMF/Wang_Jiqiang.pdf (17.02.2022).
2. Antipov S.I., Dementyev Yu.V. Izvestiya Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. Seriya: Nazemnye transportnye sistemy, 2013, vol. 6, no. 10(113), pp. 8–11.
3. Lopez I., Ibarra E., Matallana J., Andreu J., Kortabarria I. Next generation electric drives for HEV/EV propulsion systems: Technology, trends and challenges, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019, vol. 114, art. no. 109336.
4. Ryabtsev F.A., Klimov A.V., Ukhov I.V., Karelina M.Yu. Nauchnyye issledovaniya: itogi i perspektivy, 2021, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 68-74.
5. Zhang M., Fan X. Review on the State of Charge Estimation Methods for Electric Vehicle Battery, World Electric Vehicle Journal, 2020, vol. 11(1), art. no. 23.
6. Burmeister F., Schnieder L., Kurczveil T. Simulation based studies on the integration of battery-electric vehicles in regional bus services, IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Proceedings, ITSC, 2015, vol. 2015-October, art. no. 7313311, pp. 1333-1338.
7. Goldberg O.D., Sviridenko I.S. Proyektirovanie elektricheskikh mashin (Electrical machine design), Moscow, Vysshaya shkola, 2006, 430 p.
8. Ukhov I., Sotskov A., Anisimov V., Ryabtsev F., Marusin A., Marusin A. Influence of performance criteria on the selection of electric traction equipment and a temperature control system for a battery-powered vehicle with an electric traction drive, Transportation Research Procedia, 2021, vol. 57, pp. 711-720.
9. Kivekas K., Lajunen A., Vepsalainen J., Tammi K. City bus powertrain comparison: Driving cycle variation and passenger load sensitivity analysis, Energies, 2018, vol. 11(7), art. no. 1755.
10. Schweigert D., Hoffmann A., Morhard B., Gerlach M., Tripps A., Otto M., Ponick B., Stahl K., Lohner T. On the Impact of Maximum Speed on the Power Density of Electromechanical Powertrains, Vehicles, 2020, vol. 2(2), pp. 365-397.

Abstract

The fuel consumption of city buses is influenced by many factors, such as structural, climatic, technological, operational and organizational. The article examines climatic factors and their impact on fuel consumption of city buses operating under the conditions of the State Unitary Enterprise (SUE) "Mosgortrans" by conducting a correlation-regression analysis of the collected statistical data on the operation of low-floor buses LiAZ-529222 and LiAZ-621322 for the observation interval from 09.2020 to 08.2021. A review of literature sources on the impact on the fuel efficiency of vehicles (V) of such natural and climatic factors as ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure and snow depth is given. One-factor and multiple regression models of fuel consumption of city buses are built using computer program STATISTICA v.10 followed by their tests for adequacy and significance of the regression coefficients. The most adequate model is selected based on the coefficient of determination (R²) to describe the dependence of fuel consumption of city buses on the studied climatic factors. Based on the results of the analysis of the obtained models, an assessment is made of the degree of influence of each studied factor on the fuel consumption of city buses operating under the conditions of State Unitary Enterprise Mosgortrans.

Keywords: climatic factors, fuel consumption, city bus, SUE Mosgortrans, STATISTICA v. 10.

Abstract

The paper presents the results of studies of galvanic precipitation of an iron-chromium alloy obtained from a sulfate-chloride electrolyte. During the analysis of the research results, the regularities of the influence of deposition modes (acidity and electrolyte temperature, current density) on the coating structure were obtained. With high acidity of the electrolyte and high cathode current density (up to 60 A/ Dm²), fractured precipitates characteristic of pure chromium are formed. With a decrease in acidity, the productivity of the process increases during the formation of a layered coating. The author describes the modes of deposition of high-quality coatings from the developed sulfate-chloride iron electrolyte, optimized for the purpose of restoring worn parts of road transport.

Keywords: electrolytic coating, iron-chromium alloy, restoration of parts, electrolyte, coating structure, ferruginization.

References:

1. Skryabin V.A., Svechnikova G.I., Pimenova O.V., Mashkov A.N., Kozhevnikov V.V. Vosstanovlenie detalej mashin i oborudovaniya (Restoration of machine parts and equipment), Penza, PGU, 2012, 186 p.
2. Kornejchuk N. I., Lyalyakin V. P. Trudy GOSNITI, 2018, no. 130, pp. 254-265.
3. Bomeshko E.V., Kornejchuk N.I. Vestnik Pridnestrovskogo universiteta. Seriya: Fiziko-matematicheskie i tekhnicheskie nauki. Ekonomika i upravlenie, 2019, no. 3(63), pp. 153–165
4. Bogomolov S.A. Vosstanovlenie i poverhnostnoe uprochnenie stal'nyh detalej elektroliticheskimi splavami na osnove zheleza (Restoration and surface hardening of steel parts by electrolytic iron-based alloys), Doctor’s thesis, Kursk, YuZGU, 2014, 226 p.
5. Blinkov B.S., Serebrovskij V.V., Kaluckij E.S. Vestnik Kurskoj GSKHA, 2016, no. 2, pp. 67–70.
6. Yanuta A.S., Sinel`nikov A.F. Vy`sokie texnologii i innovacii v nauke, Sbornik statei, Saint Petersburg, GNII «Nacrazvitie», 2021, pp. 177-180.
7. Edinaya sistema zashchity ot korrozii i stareniya. Pokrytiya metallicheskie i nemetallicheskie neorganicheskie. Metody kontrolya, GOST 9.302-88 (Unified system of corrosion and ageing protection. Metal and non-metal inorganic coatings. Control methods, State Standart 9.302-88), Moscow, Izdatel'stvo standartov, 2001, 38 p.
8. Sinelnikov A. F., Bomeshko E. V., Korneychuk N. I., Ianuta A. S. Electrolytic alloying of iron-chromium during deposition of coatings from a sulfate-chloride electrolyte, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021, vol. 1159(1), art. no. 012076.
9. Vinogradov S.N., Perely`gin Yu.P., Kireev S.Yu. Gal`vanotexnika i obrabotka poverxnosti, 2012, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 53–56.
10. Kalmy`kov D.V. Glavny`j mexanik, 2010, no. 10, pp. 33-38.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the research of information aspects of the Driver-Vehicle-Road-Environment system. The purpose of the article is to publish the developed conceptual information model "Road user - Highly Automated Vehicle - Road - External Environment - Road Infrastructure" (RU-HAV-R-EE-RI), which makes it possible to analyze and simulate the information exchange between all subsystems through the control and management channels (CMC) and feedback channels (FOB). The control and management of the whole system is performed through the software control modules (CM) with information data channels (IDC) and a control center (CC). The proposed system "RU-HAV-R-EE-RI" is considered by the authors from three positions: morphological, functional and informational. Its initial integrity is evaluated from the position of undivided. Its inherent organization allows us to divide the system into components, independently considered as subsystems, which are in complex causal and target relations. These links form a certain space-time unity among themselves. Management in the system "RU-HAV-R-EE-RI" is possible due to prediction, timely transmission and receipt of reliable (relevant) information, availability of stable signal of communication system and correct operation of navigation systems. In order to analyze and model information flows between all subsystems, the authors developed a structural mathematical model of information exchange of the "RU-HAV-R-EE-RI" system; information and functional-logical models are presented. The scientific novelty lies in the possibility of analysis and modeling of information exchange between all subsystems of the system «RU-HAV-R-EE-RI» to prevent and predict road accidents.

Keywords: traffic safety, Highly Automated Vehicle, information interaction, Driver-Car-Road-External Environment, traffic accident, traffic conditions.

References:

1. Kravchenko P.A., Zhankaziev C.V., Oleshchenko E.M. Transport Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2021, no. 56(96-97), pp. 3-9.
2. Kravchenko P.A., Zhankaziev S.V., Oleshchenko E.M. Transport Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2019, no. 4(83), pp. 3-7.
3. Kravchenko P.A., Oleshchenko E.M. Transport Rossiiskoi Federatsii, 2018, no. 2(75), pp. 14-18.
4. Sistemy menedzhmenta. Trebovanie i rukovodstvo po primeneniyu, BDD, GOST R ISO 39001-2014 (Road traffic safety (RTS) management systems. Requirements with guidance for use, State Standart R ISO 39001-2014), Moscow, Standartinform, 2015, 33 p.
5. Pegin P.A., Kapskiy D.V., Kas`yanik V.V., Shut` V.N. Sovremennye tendentsii razvitiya bortovykh intellektual`nykh transportnykh system (Current trends in the development of on-board intelligent transport systems), Saint Petersburg, SPbGASU, 2019, 198 p.
6. Dubynina M.G., Zhigadlo A.P. Vestnik Sibirskogo otdeleniya Akademii voennykh nauk, 2018, no 49, pp. 119-130.
7. Evtyukov S.A. Organizatsiya i bezopasnost` dorozhnogo dvizheniya v krupnykh gorodakh, Sbornik statei, Saint Petersburg, SPbGASU, 2008, pp. 387-389.
8. Stiopina P.A., Tyul`kin E.V., Podoprigora N.V. Avtotekhnicheskaya ekspertiza dorozhno-transportnykh proisshestviy (Auto technical examination of road accidents), Saint Petersburg, SPBU GPS MCHS Rossii, 2018, 233 p.
9. Seliverstov Ya.A., Seliverstov S.A., Komashinskiy V.I., Tarantsev A.A., Shatalova N.V., Grigoriev V.A. Intelligent systems preventing road traffic accidents in megalopolises in order to evaluate, Proceedings of 2017 20th IEEE International Conference on Soft Computing and Measurements, SCM 2017, Saint Petersburg, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2017, pp. 489-492.
10. Podoprigora N.V. Mir transporta i tehnologicheskih mashin, 2022, no. 2(77), pp.70-75.

Abstract

The article provides an analysis of the efficiency of modern transport and logistics networks (TLN) of the Russian Federation in comparison with European and Western countries. The direction of perspective research contributing to the further development of cargo transportation in the country has been determined. The statistics of cargo transportation volume growth are analyzed. A comprehensive study of the parameters of the efficiency of the TLN was carried out. Criteria for maximizing cargo transportation processes are considered. The formulation and solution of the problem of optimization of control systems has been carried out. The application of the zoning method based on the principle of dominance of various possible options with the subsequent choice of the optimal one, which allows to exclude unfavorable decision-making algorithms, is revealed and justified to achieve the goal of optimization. A risk matrix has been identified, the elements of which show what loss a company or a legal entity may incur during transportation by using logistics services. The definition of the word "algorithm" is revealed, as well as its main properties and the degree of influence on the dynamically changing control system of the TLN are revealed. The efficiency criteria influencing the choice of the optimal algorithm for solving the problem are determined, namely: the Wald criterion, the Laplace Criterion, the Savage Criterion, the Guvvitz Criterion. The properties characteristic of each of the criteria are also determined. The matrix of choosing the optimal algorithm of the dynamic transportation management system is revealed.

Keywords: dynamic model, transportation, logistics transportation management scheme, algorithmization of processes, passenger vehicles.

References:

1. Lukin M., Prusov E., Roshchina S., Karelina M., Vatin N. Multi-span composite timber beams with rational steel reinforcements, Buildings, 2021, vol. 11(2), art. no. 46, pp. 1-12.
2. Panko Y.V., Myavlina N.J., Boldyreva T.V. Funkcionalnye oblasti upravleniua predpriuatiem (Functional areas of enterprise management), Saratov, Amirit, 2020, 126 p.
3. Bogoyavlenskij S.B. Teoreticheskie i prakticheskie aspekty prinyatiya reshenij v usloviyah neopredelennosti i riska (Theoretical and practical aspects of decision-making in conditions of uncertainty and risk), Saint Petersburg, SPbuGUEF, 2014, 119 p.
4. Mamaev A., Balabina T., Karelina M. Method for determining road rut depth and power related to rutting upon wheel rolling, Transportation Research Procedia, 2020, vol. 50, pp. 430-435.
5. Kartashov A.A., Moskvin R.N. News of Science and Education, 2018, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 085-089.
6. Gankin Yu.A., Karelina M.Yu., Kravchenko V.A., Yarovoy V.G. Osnovy teorii avtotraktornyh dvigateley (Fundamenta theoria machinarum autotractoris), Moskow, RGAZU, 1997, 304 p.
7. Maksikova E.D., Golik S.A. Vestnik Irkutstkogo universiteta, 2018, no. 21, pp. 191-193.
8. Subbotin, B.S., Akulov A.A., Ershov V.S., Karelina E.I., Ptitsyn D.A., Podgorny A.V. Teoreticheskie i konceptyalnye predstavleniya o vzaimodeystvii cheloveka s sistemami iskusstvennogo intelekta v transportnoi ukosisteme (Theoretical and conceptual concepts of human interaction with arti-ficial intelligence systems in transport ecosystem), Moscow, MADI, 2021, 146 p.
9. Abid S.R., Ali S.H., Kadhum A.L., Al-gasham T.S., Gunasekaran M., Fediuk R., Vatin N., Karelina M. Impact performance of steel fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete against repeated drop weight impact, Crystals, 2021, vol. 11(2), art. no. 91, pp. 1-17.
10. Yusupova O.V., Filatov M.I. Intelektualnyi i nauchnyi potecial XXI veka, Sbornik statei, Volgograd, OMEGA SINES, 2017, part 3, pp. 106-111.

Abstract:

The use of hydrogen as an energy carrier for internal combustion engines (ICE) is considered in most works as a factor in reducing harmful emissions in exhaust gases and the possibility of resource saving of the main classical fuel. Due to its high physicochemical activity, a small addition of hydrogen to gasoline (5-20 % by weight.) provides an increase in the technical, economic and environmental performance of the engine, allowing to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases and improve the stability of the engine on depleted fuel-air mixtures with a reduction in the consumption of the main fuel by 10-15%. The article presents the results of an analytical approach that makes it possible to simulate the development of the reaction rate of the charge combustion process when hydrogen is added to the fuel-air mixture of a gasoline engine.

Keywords: hydrogen fuel, internal combustion engine, hydrogen additive, fuel-air mixture, alternative fuel.

References:

1. Bortnikov L.N., Pavlov D.A., Rusakov M.M., Smolenskiy V.V. Estestvennyye i tekhnicheskiye nauki, 2013, no. 1(63), рр. 341-345.
2. Bortnikov L.N., Pavlov D.A., Rusakov M.M., Smolenskiy V.V. Estestvennyye i tekhnicheskiye nauki, 2013, vol. 1(63), рр. 346-350.
3. Korneyev N.V., Smolenskaya, N.M. Mashinostroitelʹ, 2015, no. 5, рр. 8-12.
4. Mishchenko A. I. Primeneniye vodoroda dlya avtomobilʹnykh dvigateley (The use of hydrogen for automobile engines), Kyiv, Naukova dumka, 1984, 141 р.
5. Gusakov S. V. Fiziko-khimicheskiye osnovy protsessov smeseobrazovaniya i sgoraniya v DVS. Osnovy teorii goreniya (Physical and chemical bases of mixture formation and combustion processes in internal combustion engines. Fundamentals of the Theory of Combustion), Moscow, RUDN, 2001, 134 p.
6. Verhelst S., Woolley R., Lawes M., Sierens R. Laminar and unstable burning velocities and Markstein lengths of hydrogen-air mixtures at engine-like conditions, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2005, vol. 30(1), pp. 209-216.
7. Milton B.E., Keck J.C. Laminar burning velocities in stoichiometric hydrogen and hydrogenhydrocarbon gas mixtures, Combustion and Flame, 1984, vol. 58(1), pp. 13-22.
8. Leach F., Kalghatgi G., Stone R., Miles P. The scope for improving the efficiency and environmental impact of internal combustion engines, Transportation Engineering, 2020, vol. 1, art. no. 100005.
9. Wong Y.K., Karim G.A. Analytical examination of the effects of hydrogen addition on cyclic variations in homogeneously charged compression-ignition engines, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2000, vol. 25(12), pp. 1217-1224.
10. Kwon O.C., Faeth G.M. Flame/stretch interactions of premixed hydrogen-fueled flames: Measurements and predictions, Combustion and Flame, 2001, vol. 124(4), pp. 590-610.

Abstract:

The purpose of the work described in the article is to develop a regional network of centralized specialized production facilities (CSPs) distributed among individual types of work within the framework of maintenance and repair operations (MRO) of passenger vehicles. When considering this structure, the concept of a hub airport (hub) is applied. The conceptual scheme of centralization based on the "hub" principle can be expanded through the introduction of specialization and cooperation of production. The centralization block allows you to improve the capabilities of the production and technical base (PTB) of the service, increase its load, and improve the quality of service. Specialization of production contributes to improving the quality of work due to a narrower, but higher qualification of repairmen. Cooperation expands the possibilities of using third-party PTB without special capital costs. The following are presented: the dependence of the coefficient of technical readiness of buses, the coefficient of fleet utilization and specific capital investments on various factors under consideration. Indicators of optimization of levels of concentration and centralization of technical service of buses are summarized in the table. Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of specialized and universal maintenance posts and provisions of marginal utility, taking into account statistical data, the dependences of the profit of the repair complex on the level of specialization are determined. The calculation of productivity and annual income from the work of the maintenance zone, taking into account tariffs, annual costs of maintaining one post, taking into account the cost of work, are presented. The performance indicators of the maintenance zone with a different proportion of specialized posts are tabulated. The dependence of the annual costs and profits of the maintenance zone of 10 posts on the level of specialization, relative to the costs for all universal posts, is presented. On the basis of the conducted research, the relevant conclusions about the conditions of the formation of the CSP are made.

Keywords: centralized specialized production, production and technical base, bus, maintenance, repair, technical readiness coefficient, fleet utilization coefficient, zone, post.

References:

1. Baskov V.N., Ignatov A.V. Mir transporta i tekhnologicheskih mashin, 2018, no. 3(62), pp. 112-118.
2. Baskov V.N., Ignatov A.V. Nauchnoe obozrenie, 2011, no. 6, pp. 92-96.
3. Boyko N.E., Lobyrev S.S. Materialy IV-j Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii “Innovacionno-promyshlennyj potencial razvitiya ekonomiki regionov”, Bryansk, 2017, pp. 538-541.
4. Denisov A.S., Feklin E.V. Sovershenstvovanie servisa avtobusov v usloviyah megapolisov (Improving bus service in megacities), Saratov, Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarin Yu.A., 2020, 160 p.
5. Kartashov V.P. Razvitie proizvodstvenno-tekhnicheskoj avtotransportnyh predpriyatij (Development of industrial and technical motor transport enterprises), Moscow, Transport, 1991, 151 p.
6. Romanenko V.A. Matematicheskie modeli funkcionirovaniya aeroportov v usloviyah sovremennogo aviatransportnogo rynka (Mathematical models of the functioning of hub airports in the conditions of the modern air transport market), Samara, Publishing house "As Guard", 2010, 224 p.
7. Khaliullin F.H., YAkovlev R.A., Matyashin A.V., Vagizov T.N., Gurgenidze Z.D. Innovacii i investicii, 2021, no. 7, pp. 170-174.
8. Chong L., Osorio C.A simulation-based optimization algorithm for dynamic large-scale urban transportation problems, Transportation Science, 2018, vol. 52(3), pp. 637-656.
9. Baskov V., Denisov A., Ignatov A., Isaeva E. Mechanism for assessing the adaptation of motor vehicles to operation in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, Transportation Research Procedia, 2021, vol. 57, pp. 56-62.
10. Baskov V., Ignatov A., Polotnyanschikov V. Assessing the influence of operating factors on the properties of engine oil and the environmental safety of internal combustion engine, Transportation Research Procedia, 2020, vol. 50, pp. 37-43.
11. Grayevskiy I., Marusin A., Marusin A. CDF simulation-based research of influence of mechanical defects in nozzles on environmental parameters of automotive diesel engines, Transportation Research Procedia, 2020, vol. 50, pp. 182-191.
12. Karimi A., Gendreau M., Verter V. Performance approximation of emergency service systems with priorities and partial backups, Transportation Science, 2018, vol. 52(5), pp. 1235-1252.

Abstract:

This article provides an analysis of a mathematical model of the development of corrosion defects of bearing metal structures of escalators, created on the basis of the State Unitary Enterprise "St. Petersburg Metro" based on the analysis of experimental data. The author of the article proposed to introduce a number of clarifying additions into the analyzed model, taking into account the design features of the performance of load-bearing metal structures and local types of corrosion (pitting), as well as the passivity of metals and the anisotropy of the rust layer, which will reflect their cumulative effect on the development of corrosion processes. In general, the refined mathematical model, which is a set of equations, becomes more universal, since it allows modeling not only external, but also internal factors of damage.In conclusion, it is noted that this model can be used to predict the diagnosed parameters of corrosion destruction of bearing metal structures of metro escalators, taking into account the aerochemical effects of the environment and comparing the results obtained with criteria corresponding to the limit states according to the design documentation. 

Keywords:subway, escalator, metal structure, corrosion, forecasting, mathematical modeling.

References:

1. Kharlov M.V., Popov V.A. Internet-zhurnal Naukovedenie, 2017, vol. 9, no. 4, p. 91.
2. Dyatlov V.N. Istorija i perspektivy razvitija transporta na severe Rossii, 2021, no. 1, pp. 100-104.
3. Bardyshev O.A. Besopasnost’ truda v promyshlennosti, 2019, no. 7, pp. 44-48.
4. Dyatlov V.N. Vestnik MADI, 2022, no. 1(68), pp. 29-35.
5. Rosenfeld I.L. Atmosphernaja korrosja metallov (Atmospheric corrosion of metals), Moscow, Izdatel’stvo AN SSSR, 1960, 372 p.
6. Rosenfeld I.L. Korrosija i zashchita metallov (Corrosion and protection of metals), Moscow, Metallurgija, 1969, 448 p.
7. Danilov A.S. Izvestija Tul’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Tekhnicheskie nauki, 2009, no. 2-1, pp. 80-86.
8. Bardyshev O.A., Popov V.A., Filin A.N., Kharlov M.V. Obespechenie besopasnosti tonnelnyh jeskalatorov (Ensuring the safety of tunnel escalators), St. Petersburg, Besopasnost’, 2020, 128 p.
9. Kukurs O., Upite A., Honzak I., Kurbatova H., Burtnieks U., Kos I., Vajvad A. Produkty atmosfernoj korrosii zhelesa i okraska po rzhavchine (Products of atmospheric corrosion of iron and rust coloring), Riga, Zinatne, 1980, 163 p.
10. Gerasimenko A.A., Aleksandrov Y.I., Andreev I.N., Batalov K.A., Beloglazov S.M., Bogoyavlensky A.F., Valeev N.N., Gerasimova V.V., Gerasimov V.V., Gonik A.A., Elinov N.P., Krupina E.M., Mikhailova L.A., Moiseev Y.V., Ozeryanaya I.P., Orlov V.A., Ponomareva O.V., Steklov O.I., Tsirlin M.S., Chistyakov V.V. Zashchita ot korrosii, starenija i biopovrezhdenija mashin, oborudovanija i sooruzhenij (Protection against corrosion, aging and bio-damage of machinery, equipment and structures), vol. 1, Moscow, Mashinostroenie, 1987, 688 p.

Abstract:

Bridge mechanized complexes belong to the class of mechanized bridges intended for crossing the reserve and second echelons of the motorized rifle brigade conducting offensive combat operations in the tactical zone. In our country, a bridge mechanized complex was developed and adopted for the supply of engineering troops in two versions of the MMK1 and MMK2. The main areas of improvement of the bridge mechanized complexes will be soon: using of the high-strength materials in the construction of the bridge such as aluminum alloys and composite materials, which will increase the length and width of the bridge; improvement of the technological process of installation of the bridge beam, docking of bridge blocks, deployment of the bridge laying machine to reduce the time for installation of the bridge; installation of the bridge mechanized complex on a promising basic chassis of high cross-country and high load capacity.

Keywords: bridge mechanized complex, mechanized bridge, base chassis, bridge block, bridge span, guidance beam section, coastal support, maintenance.

References:

1. Zaytsev S.V., Timofeyev M.Yu. Spetsoborudovaniye amfibiynykh transportnykh sredstv spetsial'nogo naznacheniya. Naplavnyye mosty i paromy (Special equipment for amphibious vehicles for special purposes. Floating bridges and ferries) Moscow, MADI, 2015, 100 p.
2. Telov V.I. Naplavnyye mosty i paromnyye perepravy (Floating bridges and ferry crossings), Moscow, Marshrut, 2006, 423 p.
3. Telov V.I., Kartapol'tsev V.M. Avtodorozhnyye paromnyye perepravy i naplavnyye mosty (Road ferries and floating bridges), Tomsk, Izdatel'stvo Tomskogo universiteta, 1994, 159 p.
4. Yegorov D.G., Kozlov M. A., Shlyapin Yu. M. Oborudovaniye i soderzhaniye pereprav (Equipment and maintenance of crossings), Moscow, VIA, 1980, 388 p.
5. Yanbekov K. Tekhnika i vooruzheniye, 2013, no. 9, pp. 22-30.
6. Yanbekov K. Tekhnika i vooruzheniye, 2013, no. 10, pp. 30-36.
7. Mostovoy mekhanizirovannyy kompleks. Rukovodstvo po ekspluatatsii (Bridge mechanized complex. User manual), Omsk, FGUP KBTM, 2008, 147 p.
8. Mostovoy mekhanizirovannyy kompleks (MMK), available at: http://transmash-omsk.ru/node/239 (21.02.2022).
9. Shunyakov D.V., Bondarev O.N., Bagin D.N., Fokin K.S. Perepravy (Ferries), Yekaterinburg, Izdatel'stvo ural'skogo universiteta, 2017, 148 p.
10. Stavitsky Yu.M., Vorobiev I.S., Khmelyuk P.S., Verglinskaya N.A., Petrov V.V., Gurishkin O.P. Patent RU 2723423 C1, 11.06.20.

Abstract:

The article analyzes the main characteristics of the largest airports in the world and Russia (the number of runways, annual passenger traffic). From the standpoint of the “Methodology for calculating the technical capabilities of airports” approved by the Ministry of Transport of Russia (2020), the factors affecting the capacity of the runway associated with its maintenance are considered. The maximum passenger flow in a typical Russian region-al airport with one runway was calculated, which amounted to 10 million passengers per year. Calculations based on the theory of probability and reliability theory show an increase in the reliability of airfield pavements due to the redundancy of the runway (which comes into operation only during maintenance or repair of pavements) compared to two operating equivalent runways. The factors influencing the maintainability of airfield pavements are given. The schemes of zoning and operation of airfields according to the above two options are considered. The proposed redundancy of the runway will significantly increase the durability and rational use of airfield pavements, due to the fact that the resulting damage will be promptly eliminated, and the runway will be guaranteed to operate without forced interruptions in flight operation. The article analyzes the reliability of airfield pavements from the standpoint of reducing general aviation risks, as required by ICAO guidelines.

Keywords: runway, cement concrete coatings, maintainability, durability, residual resource, passenger traffic, reliability, probability of failure, territory zoning,aviation risks.

References:

1. Suladze M.D. Fedulov V.K., Podoprigora V.G. Vestnik MADI, 2020, no. 4(63), pp. 64-71.
2. Popov V.A. Nauka i tehnika v dorozhnoi otrasli, 2018, no. 4(86), pp.36-37.
3. Ventsel' E.S. Teorija verojatnostei (Probability theory), Moscow, Akademia, 2005, 576 p.
4. Bolotin V.V. Primenenie medodov teorii verojatnosti i teorii nadezhnosti v raschetah sooruzhenii (Application of methods of probability theory and reliability theory in calculations of structures), Moscow, Stroiizdat, 1971, 254 p.
5. Konovalov S.V., Koganzon M.S., YAkovlev Yu.M., Kuznecov V.V., SHeremet'ev B.V. Sbornik nauchnyh trudov MADI, Moscow, MADI, 1973, issue 63, pp. 9-31.
6. Vinogradov A. P. Nadeznost' i sertifikacija prochnosti cementobetonnih pokritii aerodromov (Reliability and certification of strength of cement concrete coatings of airfields), Moscow, AO «Irmast», 1994, 124 p.
7. Popov V.A. Dolgovechnost' ekspluatiruemyh betonnyh pokrytij aerodromov (Dolgovechnoct' ekspluatiruemih betonnih pokritii aerodromov), Moscow, Tehpoligrafcenter, 2007, 192 p.
8. Andronov V.D. Razrabotka strategii podderzhanija ekspluatacionno-tehnicheskogo sostojanija aerodromnih pokritii (Development of a strategy for maintaining the operational and technical condition of aerodrome pavements), Doctor's thesis, Moscow, MADI, 2012, 170 p.
9. Rukovodztvo po upravleniju bezopasnjuost'ju poletov (RUBP)Doc.9859AN/460, available at: http://www.scac.ru/ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/DOC_9859_3.pdf (22.02.2022).

Abstract:

This article presents the factors that affect the asphalt mix during its transportation from the asphalt concrete plant to the place of installation. The transportation process must be properly organized. The main differences in the processes of transportation of the asphalt concrete mixture for the conditions of Vietnam and Russia, for example, climatic conditions, the number of asphalt concrete mixes in the city, the requirements for the temperature of the mixture before laying and after its compaction, etc. are considered. Examples of the influence of the environment on the process of transporting the asphalt concrete mixture are given. The analysis of the influence of the process of transportation of asphalt concrete mixture on the quality of the finished pavement of roads is presented. A solution is proposed for maintaining the temperature regime of the asphalt concrete mix during its transportation, which allows one to reasonably proceed to the development of a generalized structure of the temperature control system for the asphalt mix at the outlet from the asphalt concrete plant and to formulate the general principles for developing models of the technological process and its control system for the climatic conditions of Vietnam. 

Keywords: asphalt concrete, asphalt concrete plant, asphalt mix transportation, mix temperature control.

References:

1. Avtomobil'nye dorogi, SNiP 3.06.03-85 (Car roads, Вuilding regulations 3.06.03-85), Moscow, CPP, 2006, 131 p.
2. Vorob'ev V.A., Suvorov D.N., Kotlyarskij E.V., Docenko V.I., Popov V.A. Komp'yuternoye modelirovaniye v avtomatizatsii proizvodstva asfal'tobetonnoy smesi. Kn. 2. Prakticheskiye razrabotki (Computer modeling in the automation of the production of asphalt concrete mix. Book 2. Practical developments), Moskva, Rossiyskay inzhenernay akademia, 2008, 732 p.
3. Suvorov D.N., Nguyen T.T. Vestnik MADI, 2018, no. 1(52), pp. 100-106.
4. Nguyen T.T. Perspektivy nauki, 2019, no. 8(119), pp. 42-45.
5. Borisyuk N.V., Mozoleva N.V., Avtomobil'. Doroga. Infrastruktura, 2020, no. 4(26), p. 7.
6. Savel'yev S. V., Poteryayev I. K., Letopol'skiy A. B., Mikheyev V. V. Vestnik Sibirskoy gosudarstvennoy avtomobil'no-dorozhnoy akademii, 2016, no. 2(48), pp. 31-37.
7. Khizhevskaya N. Yandeks.Karty ili Google Maps - chto ispol'zovat' pri razrabotke proyektov po logistike, available at: https://simple.solutions/articles-1487/ (15.04.2022).
8. Ministerstvo transporta i kommunikatsiy V'yetnama, available at: https://www.mt.gov.vn/vn/Pages/Trangchu.aspx (23.04.2022).
9. Goryacheye asfal'tobetonnoye pokrytiye: trebovaniya k konstruktsii i priyemke, TCVN 8819:2011 (Specification for Construction of Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Pavement and Acceptance, TCVN 8819:2011), Hanoi, 2011, 31 p.

As part of the program to maintain and develop the regional and intermunicipal road network of the Udmurt Republic, the Department of Road Construction and Maintenance of MADI is developing an album of typical designs of non-rigid pavements for this territory. At the first stage of the work, an analysis of the features of the natural and climatic conditions of the Udmurt Republic was carried out to more accurately take into account the important operating conditions of pavements for their design. It has been established that the Udmurt Republic is characterized by rather significant changes in temperature and humidity in the direction from north to south. The division of the territory of the Udmurt Republic into physical and geographical regions has been completed. Zoning is based on several climatic parameters: the average depth of soil freezing, the average monthly temperature of the coldest season, the average maximum annual seven-day temperature, the average value of the minimum air temperatures, and the hydrothermal coefficient. In addition, as a result of the work performed, the Udmurt Republic was divided into regions according to the brand of bituminous binder for the implementation of a system of volumetric-functional design of asphalt concrete mixtures.

Keywords: hydrothermal coefficient, road-climatic zoning, pavement design.

References:

1. Pribylov V.S., Semenova T.V., Makarova S.A. Materialy IV mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii “Kachestvo. Tekhnologii. Innovatsii”, Novosibirsk, NSUACE (Sibstrin), 2021, pp. 356-362.
2. Yefimenko S.V., Badina M.V., Kozhukharʹ T.A., Pushkareva G.V. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitelʹnogo universiteta, 2014, no. 6(47), pp. 204-211.
3. Yefimenko V.N., Yefimenko S.V., Karimov E.M., Kozhogulov K.Ch. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitelʹnogo universiteta, 2022, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 161-171.
4. Leonovich I.I., Vyrko N.P. Trudy BGTU. №2. Lesnaya i derevoobrabatyvayushchaya promyshlennostʹ, 2011, no 2, pp. 19-22.
5. Alʹ-Daveri D.A.A., Shchepeteva L.S. Modernizatsiya i nauchnyye issledovaniya v transportnom komplekse, 2020, vol. 1, pp. 252-256.
6. Vasilʹyev Yu.E., Goryachev M.G., Arus N.N. Nauka i tekhnika v dorozhnoy otrasli, 2020, no. 4(94), pp. 6-9.
7. Rysin I.I. Geografiya Udmurtii: prirodnyye usloviya i resursy (Geography of Udmurtia: natural conditions and resources), Izhevsk, Izdatel'skiy dom «Udmurtskiy universitet», 2009, part 1, 256 p.
8. Kirillova A.V. Ekologo-geomorfologicheskoye rayonirovaniye territorii Udmurtii (Ecological and geomorphological zoning of the territory of Udmurtia), Doctor’s thesis, Moscow, Institut geografii RAN, 2017, 158 p.
9. Perevedentsev Yu.P., Khabutdinov Yu.G., Gizatullin R.D., Altukhova A.V. Rossiyskiy zhurnal prikladnoy ekologii, 2017, no. 1(9), pp. 3-8.
10. Yel'tsov Yu.A., Yel'tsov A.Yu. Gruntoekologiya Udmurtii (Soil ecology of Udmurtia), Izhevsk, 2003, 86 p.
11. Goryachev M.G., Yarkin S.V. Avtomobil'. Doroga. Infrastruktura, 2019, no. 4(22), p. 10.

Abstract:

The purpose of this work first of all is to draw attention to pressing problems in the field of passenger taxi transportation both juridical and practical. The issues studied in the article are aimed at analyzing the causes and consequences of accidents involving taxi cars and developing recommendations for their reduction. In the work done by the authors, the main problems in taxi transportation related to poor-quality or improper performance by drivers of professional taxi activity in transport agglomerations were identified and posed their possible causes were studied and suggested the current realities of the work of transport taxi agglomerations were considered. The above was meaningful considering the statistics for the coming years. To solve the problems identified in the course of the study the authors of this article proposed possible solutions to the tasks set taking into account current trends and modern realities.

Keywords: taxi, taxi driver training, taxi transportation, transport agglomerations, safety.

References:

1. Bludjan N.O. Vestnik Sibirskogo gosudarstvennogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo universiteta, 2020, vol. 17, no. 3(73), pp. 374-389.
2. Mishina Ju.V. Sibirskoe juridicheskoe obozrenie, 2020, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 116-122.
3. Bludjan N.O. Problemy prognozirovanija, 2021, no. 3(186), pp. 78-88.
4. Sokolov D.V. Transportnoe pravo, 2020, no. 4, pp.  8-11.
5. V MVD nazvali regiony po rostu chisla zhertv v DTP s uchastiem taksi, available at: https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/6075fd119a7947237b2455aa (25.10.2021).
6. Ajriev R.S., Kudrjashov M.A. Vestnik MADI, 2019, no. 4(59), pp. 103-111.
7. Shevchuk A.V. Chizhova D.A., Demina D.E., Chugunkova V.A. Monitoring obshhestvennogo mnenija: jekonomicheskie i social'nye peremeny, 2021, no. 3(163), pp. 356-381.
8. Garina O.V. Nauchnyj vestnik Orlovskogo juridicheskogo instituta MVD Rossii imeni V.V. Luk'janova, 2020, no. 3(84), pp. 18-24.
9. Konoshenko B.A. Chelovecheskij kapital, 2018, no. 6(114), pp. 58-65.
10. Konoshenko B.A., Shipilov A.I. Psihologija obuchenija, 2018, no. 4, pp. 62-69.

Abstract:

The structure and characteristics of the transport system of cities are largely determined by the size of the population. The basis of the transport infrastructure of small cities is made up of city bus routes, and unlike medium and large cities, the number and length of bus routes are much smaller. The article reveals the passenger traffic research results based on the study of a bus loop route in the town of Bronnitsy.The route provides transport links for the population of the three microdistricts of the city with all the key of the city infrastructure facilities. The research relies on the field-tested surveys of the passenger traffic on the route. As part of the study, value variations and pattern changes of the core operational factors of the bus route performance have been established: density of passenger traffic, bus capacity by route sections, passenger turnover, average travel distance of passengers, unevenness ratios on the sections of the route and by the hour of the day,static unevenness ratios of bus capacity by flights and route sections. Based on the results obtained, general trends in the performance of bus routes in small towns have been identified and recommendations for the improvement of the bus loop route operations in Bronnitsy have been provided.

Keywords: town, passenger transportation, bus route, bus stop, distance, passenger traffic, density of passenger traffic, passenger turnover, bus capacity, bus capacity ratio, passenger turnover unevenness ratio.

References:

1. Mendelev G.A. Transport v planirovke gorodov (Transport in urban planning), Moscow, MADI (GTU), 2005, 135 p.
2. Kulikov Ju.I., Pugachjov I.N. Transport Rossijskoj Federacii, 2013, no. 4(47), pp. 8-11.
3. Bochkarev A.A., Bochkarev P.A. Logistika gorodskix transportny`x sistem (Logistics of urban transport systems), Moscow, Yurajt, 2022, 150 p. 
4. Gusev E.S., Vetluzhskih S.Ju., Malyshev V.S. Materialy 2-oj Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii «Aktual'nye voprosy innovacionnogo razvitija transportnogo kompleksa», Orel, Gosuniversitet – UNPK, 2012, pp. 77-81.
5. Gudkov V.A., Mirotin L.B., Vel`mozhin A.V., Shiryaev S.A. Passazhirskie avtomobil`ny`e perevozki (Passenger road transport), Moscow, Goryachaya liniya - Telekom, 2006, 448 p.
6. Spirin I.V. Perevozki passazhirov gorodskim transportom (Transportation of passengers by urban transport), Moscow, Akademkniga, 2006, 413 p.
7. Fattahova A.F. Organizacija perevozok passazhirov gorodskim avtomobil'nym transportom (Organization of passenger transportation by urban road transport), Orenburg, OGU, 2012, 57 p.
8. Lebedeva O.A. Sovershenstvovanie metodov monitoringa passazhiropotokov na marshrutah gorodskogo passazhirskogo transporta obshhego pol'zovanija (Improvement of methods for monitoring passenger traffic on public urban passenger transport routes), Doctor’s thesis, Irkutsk, Irkutsk State Technical University, 2014, 171 p.
9. Borovikov A.V. Mezhdunarodnyj studencheskij nauchnyj vestnik, 2019, no. 3, p. 46.
10. Baryl'nikova E. P. Tehnologicheskie processy organizacii passazhirskih perevozok (Technological processes of passenger transportation organization), Naberezhnye Chelny, NChI K(P)FU, 2018, 96 p.
11. Bulavina L.V. Proektirovanie i ocenka transportnoj seti i marshrutnoj sistemy v gorodah (Design and evaluation of the transport network and route system in cities), Ekaterinburg, Izdatel'stvo Ural'skogo universiteta, 2019, 80 p.
12. Fadeev A.I., Fomin E.V. Materialy 2-oj Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii «Aktual'nye voprosy innovacionnogo razvitija transportnogo kom-pleksa», Orel, Gosuniversitet – UNPK, 2012, pp. 71-76.
13. Metodicheskie rekomendacii po razrabotke Dokumenta planirovanija reguljarnyh perevozok passazhirov i bagazha po municipal'nym i mezhmunicipal'nym marshrutam avtomobil'nym transportom i gorodskim nazemnym jelektricheskim transportom: Utv. Mintransom Rossii 30.06.2020 (Methodological recommendations for the development of a Document for planning regular transportation of passengers and luggage on municipal and intermunicipal routes by road and urban ground electric transport: Approved by Ministry of Transport of Russia 30.06.2020), Moscow, 2020, 48 p.
14. Vasil'ev A.G. Gruzovoe i passazhirskoe avtohozjajstvo, 2011, no. 12, pp. 47-51.
15. Poltavskaja Ju.O., Mihajlov A.Ju., Lebedeva O.A. Vestnik IrGTU, 2016, no. 5(112), pp. 187-192.
16. Lebedeva O.A. Vestnik IrGTU, 2012, no. 9(67), pp. 145-148.
17. Fadeev A.I., Fomin E.V., Alhussejni S. Vestnik SibADI, 2019, vol. 16, no. 3(67), pp. 290-301.
18. Jakubovich S.P., Sedjukevich. V.N. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii “Avtomobile-i traktorostroenie”, Minsk, BNTU, 2018, vol. 2, pp. 41-44.

Abstract:

The article is devoted to the important problem of the improving quality of service for residents of growing cities while improving, primarily megacities by improving rail transport. Great attention is paid to innovative vehicles on a fundamentally new rail track as well as urban rail transport, which has such advantages as the highest carrying capacity, environmental friendliness, low cost, especially with an increase in the distance of transportation. The problems of modernizing in the transport infrastructure in the big cities today is priority scientific area all over the world. In recent years, the Automobile Transportation Department of MADI has been carefully studying the situation with passenger traffic in large cities of our country and, above all, in Moscow. The article reflects scientific achievements in the field under consideration and outlines the main promising directions for the further development of rail transport systems. The problems of the service quality for citizens in big cities currently pays great attention.

Keywords:railway transport track,railroad transformation, tram on the one rail/on tires, tram-train.

References:

1. 2018Revision of World Urbanization Prospects, available at: https://www.un.org/development/desa/publications/2018-revision-of-world-urbanization-prospects.html (29.05.2022).
2. Druzhinin B. Kvantik, 2015, no. 5, pp. 20-23.
3. Bludjan N.O., Ajriev R.S, Akopov F.V., Hejfic P. I. Avtomatizacija i upravlenie v tehnicheskih sistemah, 2014, no. 3(11), pp. 66-82.
4. Dranchenko Ju.N. Vestnik transporta, 2018, no. 3, pp. 9-16.
5. Ben'jash, Ju.L., Spiridonovs V.A. Molodoj uchenyj, 2020, no. 33(323), pp. 31-35.
6. Kravchenko E.A., Sorokin D.S. Electronny setevoj politematicheskij zhurnal "Nauchnye trudy KubGTU", 2016, no. 3, pp. 179-185.
7. Troickaja N. A. Avtomobil'nyj transport, 2021, no. 6, pp. 46-52.
8. V kitajskom megapolise zheleznuyu dorogu prolozhili pryamo skvoz' zhiloj dom, available at: https://novate.ru/blogs/210317/40563/ (27.05.2022).
9. Kondrashov I. A. Materialy V Mezhdunarodnoj nauchnoj konferencii “Tekhnicheskie nauki v Rossii i za rubezhom”, Moskow, Buki-Vedi, 2016, pp. 51-56.
10. Geschichte des Schi-Stra-Bus, available at: https://www.westerwaelder-bahnen.net/index.php?nav=1000069&lang=1 (30.05.2022).
11. Bushwick S. Off the rails, Scientific American, 2021, vol. 324(3), p. 20.

Abstract:

The speed is one of the most important indicator of road traffic. The speed change graph can serve as the most objective characteristic of car movement process on the road. Speed determines both the economic indicators of the transport process and the key indicators of road safety. Whenstudying the speed mode of traffic flows in various road conditions, in order to obtain adequate results with the required degree of accuracy, it is extremely important to choose a method for measuring the speed of moving vehicles. Each of the known methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. The wrong choice of measurement method leads in some cases to a distorted picture of the process under study and thereby devalues the results of the study. To date, various methods for measuring speed are used in practice, which can generally be divided into methods of direct and indirect measurement.

Keywords: motor roads, vehicle speed, traffic management, modes traffic flows, road conditions, small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV).

References:

1. Timofeev B.S., Motyko A.A. Informacionno-upravlyayushchie sistemy, 2012, no. 1(56), pp. 2-7.
2. Chebykin I.A. Dorozhnaya derzhava, 2020, no. 99, pp. 68-69.
3. Zarubin Yu.L. Izmerenie skorosti: radary ili video?, available at: https://stopgazeta.ru/technique/videofiksatsiya/izmerenie_skorosti_radary_ili_video/ (20.12.2021).
4. Pospelov P.I., Strokov D.M., Lygina L.A. Nauka i tekhnika v dorozhnoj otrasli, 2021, no. 3, pp. 5–10.
5. Salvo, G., Caruso C., Scordo A., Guido G., Vitale A. Traffic data acquirement by unmanned aerial vehicle. European Journal of Remote Sensing, 2017, vol. 50(1), pp. 343-351.
6. Outay F., Mengash A. H., Adnan M. Applications of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in road safety, traffic and highway infrastructure management: Recent advances and challenges, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,, 2020, vol. 141, pp.116-129.
7. Vavilova G.V. Matematicheskaya obrabotka rezul'tatov izmerenij (Mathematical processing of measurement results), Tomsk, Nacional'nyj issledovatel'skij Tomskij politekhnicheskij universitet, 2013, 167 p.
8. Blinova E.I. Planirovanie i organizaciya eksperimenta (Planning and organization of the experiment), Minsk, BGTU, 2010, 130 p.
9. Elloumi M., Dhaou R., Escrig B., Idoudi H., Saidane A., Fer A. Traffic monitoring on city roads using UAVs, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 2019, vol. 11803 LNCS, pp. 588-600.
10. Liu, X., Peng, Z.R., Zhang, L.-Y. Real-time UAV rerouting for traffic monitoring with decomposition based multi-objective optimization, Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems: Theory and Applications, 2019, 94 (2), pp. 491–501.