«Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobilno-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta (MADI)» | Number 2(65), June 2021

Abstract. 

The article presents the results of an experimental study and evalua-tion of the elastic properties of a full-scale model of an airless tire in the process of normal, longitudinal and lateral loadings. The aim of the study is to test design, calculation and technological solutions, which were adopted in the development process of an airless tire made from Russian elastic polyurethanes. An experimental evaluation was carried out according to the output parameters and characteristics. To evaluation the springy properties of a full-scale model, the characteristics of normal, longitudinal and lateral springiness were built. The construction of characteristics was carried out in the mode of continuous quasi-static loading of a car wheel on a flat base of a test bench with complex loading. To measure normal, longitudinal and lateral loads, original self-made strain gauges were used. The registration of the listed loads and the corresponding deflections and flexible displacements of the airless tire were carried out using modern high-precision measuring equipment. The normal, longitudinal and lateral springiness factors and the adhesion coefficients for the test model of an airless tire on a dry asphalt concrete surface were determined using well-known methods, which are set out in government and industry standards. According to the test results, it was found that the created full-scale model of an airless tire is not inferior in terms of the parameters and characteristics under study to pneumatic tires, which have a traditional design and the same dimensions and carrying capacity.

Keywords: stiffness characteristic, tire stand, strain gauge, elastic polyure-thane. 

References

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Abstract. 

The safety and efficiency of using construction equipment is determined by the level of reliability of the main structural elements and systems of machines. Modern construction machines are equipped with multifunctional hydraulic systems to drive the working equipment. The hydraulic drive of a construction machine is a complex system that is subjected to many dynamic loads of varying nature and operates under conditions of external influences caused by various factors. During operation, these loads cause failure of the hydraulic transmission elements. The reliability of construction and road machines is largely determined by the performance indicators of hydraulic equipment, which is critical in terms of reliability. To determine the current technical condition, residual life and prevent the occurrence of malfunctions, technical diagnostics should be used. The article presents a mathematical model for assessing the operating state of hydraulic motors, the results of simulation are presented. A description of a computer program that implements the mathematical model developed by the authors is given. The program allows you to determine changes in the angular velocity and pressure of the working fluid (WF) of the hydraulic system when the total value of the clearances in the hydraulic motor changes as a result of wear of the rubbing parts. Thus, the developed simulation mathematical model makes it possible to substantiate a new method for diagnosing hydraulic motors of construction machines.

Keywords: hydraulic motor, simulation, technical diagnostic, reliability. 

Abstract. 

In the article, based on a comparative assessment of a number of operational properties, the most preferred type of dump trucks for the production of road construction works on linear construction sites is justified. The objects of research are construction dump trucks of various layout schemes – rigid frame and articulated frame. At the same time, the aim of the work is to assess the possibility and feasibility of creating a domestic articulated dump truck of the 25-ton class on the basis of serial units and aggregates of Russian production. The achievement of this goal was achieved by solving two tasks: forecasting the technical characteristics of the articulated machine with the calculation of its main operational properties and a comparative assessment of the functionality of the compared machines in the specific conditions of their use. In the course of solving these problems, the indicators of the main operational properties of the compared machines, which form the level of their functional perfection, are justified, predicted and evaluated. The methods of comparative assessments of technical objects are analyzed and the use of the direct comparison method for comparing rigid-frame and articulated construction machines is justified. Based on the identified preferences, the design of a domestic articulated dump truck based on the components and aggregates of trucks of the N3 category of the KamAZ type is proposed.

Keywords: road construction, dump truck, design scheme, operational properties, forecasting, comparative evaluation.

References

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Abstract. 

The issue of ensuring traction performance with a minimum mass of electrical machines is one of the fundamental issues in the design of traction electrical installations. The authors note that it is required to minimize mass without decreasing efficiency and without deteriorating the traction performance of electric machines. The article discusses ways to increase the flux linkage and one of the most effective ways is to increase the flux linkage by increasing the rotational speed, since, unlike other methods, this method does not increase the phase resistance and, accordingly, the energy loss in the winding. This article discusses the influence of the rotation speed of an electric machine on the overall and mass indicators. The main energy losses in an electric machine and the influence of the rotor speed on energy losses are also analysed. Knowing the losses in the electric machine, the efficiency of the electric machine was calculated. As a result of the study, it was revealed that an increase in the rotational speed leads to a decrease in mass and dimensions, but to a decrease in the efficiency of an electric machine. The optimal values of the rotational speed must be determined for each electric machine, thereby ensuring high efficiency, minimum weight and dimensions, as well as providing the necessary traction and dynamic performance.

Keywords: flux linkage, electric motors, rotor speed, specific indicators, efficiency. 

References

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Аннотация
В статье рассматривается вариант моделирования поведения водителя в системе «водитель – машина», оценивается влияние составляющих системы на управляемость машины и обосновывается необходимость упреждающих действий в связи с задержками в системе.

Ключевые слова:
динамическая модель, система «водитель – машина», психофизиологические характеристики водителя, система автоматического регулирования, моделирование поведения водителя.

Список литературы:

1. Ломов, Б.Ф. Человек и техника / Б.Ф. Ломов. – 2-е изд. – М.: Знание, 1966. – 464 с.
2. Васильченков, В.Ф. Концептуальные основы развития теории автомобильной техники: дис. … д-ра техн. наук/ В.Ф. Васильченков; РВАИ. – Рязань, 2000. –    403 с.
3. Васильченков, В.Ф. Военная инженерная психология как составная часть автомобильной эргономики: монография / В.Ф. Васильченков. – Рязань: РВАИ, 2005. – 203 с.

Abstract. 

The article discusses the results of research and substantiation of the optimal composition of lubricant grease for road construction machines based on the ideal point method and Pareto optimization. The solution of this problem is produced by the optimization of the two objective functions: the dropping point and the cost of lubricant grease. The article describes in detail the sequence of actions when optimizing the composition of lubricant grease. The results of calculations for road construction machines are operated in the tropical conditions of Vietnam. Based on the results of calculations, graphs of functions for optimizing the dropping point of new grease lubricants and the economic efficiency of using road construction machines in tropical conditions were constructed. Analysis of the data obtained and the results of calculations made it possible to determine the optimal values of the indicators of the dropping point and the cost of grease lubricant for road construction machines used in operating conditions in Vietnam. Solving the problem of multicriteria optimization by the ideal point method opens up good prospects for increasing the technical and economic efficiency of using construction equipment in the tropical operating conditions in the Vietnam enterprises.

Keywords: lubricating grease materials, ideal point method, Pareto optimization, road construction machines.

References

1. Zorin V. A., Le T. T. Gruzovik, 2019, no. 9, pp. 18–20.
2. V’etnamskaya neftekhimicheskaya korporaciya, available at: https://www.plc.petrolimex.com.vn/index.html (18.02.2021).
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4. Mnogocelevye plastichnye smazki vo V'etname, available at: https://dauthuyluc.org.vn/danh-muc-san-pham/mo-cong-nghiep/mo-da-dung/ (18.02.2021).
5. 5.     Novyj metod mnogokriterial'noj optimizacii, osnovannyj na lokal'noj geometrii mnozhestva Pareto, available at: https://www.datadvance.net/assets/files/publications/Perestoronin_thesis.pdf (18.02.2021). 
6. 6.     Primenenie metoda ideal'noj tochki, available at: https://math.semestr.ru/lp/point.php (18.02.2021).
7. Emmerich M. T. M., Deutz A. H. A tutorial on multiobjective optimization: fundamentals and evolutionary methods, Natural Computing, 2018, vol. 17, pp. 585–609.
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9. Zhiyuan W., Gade P. R. Application and analysis of Methods for selecting an optimal solution from the Pareto-Optimal front obtained by multiobjective optimization, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2017, vol. 56, pp. 560–574.
10. Zorin V., Le T. T. Assessment of resources of road machines working in the conditions of tropical climate, IOP Confеrence. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020, vol. 786, issue 1, art. 012016.

Abstract. 

The possibility of using various types of polymer impregnating compositions to improve the performance properties of non-metallic elements of air suspension of cars in the Arctic is evaluated. The Airtech pneumatic cylinder, which is installed on many trucks, as well as on trailers and semi-trailers, was chosen as the object of research. Solidol (the cheapest general-purpose grease) and anaerobic material of the AN-1U brand (the more expensive impregnating compound) were used as impregnating compositions. The influence of negative temperatures on the deformation and strength characteristics of non-metallic elements of the air suspension of cars is analyzed. The dynamics of changes in the coefficients of rigidity and frost resistance of the elements of the rubber part of the pneumatic cylinder with a decrease in temperature is established. The influence of changes in the viscosity of impregnating compositions at negative temperatures on their penetrating ability and the quality of impregnation was evaluated. It is established that the application of impregnating compositions can be carried out at negative temperatures. However, the best result is achieved when applying impregnating compositions at positive temperatures. It is shown that the use of impregnating compounds in the maintenance of rubber elements of air suspension machines can increase their resistance to negative temperatures, minimize the cracking of the material and, consequently, increase the durability of the suspension.

Keywords: air suspension, impregnating compounds, frost resistance, rigidity.

References

1. Zorin V.A., Seregin D.V. Mekhanizaciya stroitel’stva, 2015, no. 7 (853), pp. 4-7.
2. Konoplin A.Yu., Baurova N.I. Remont, vosstanovlenie, modernizaciya, 2020, no. 1, рр. 35-39.
3. Kosenko E.A. Remont, vosstanovlenie, modernizaciya, 2020, no. 1, рр. 12-17.
4. Konoplin A.Yu., Baurova N.I. Tekhnologiya metallov, 2019, no. 3, pp. 44-48.
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6. Marenkov I.G., Baurova N.I. Vse materiali. Enciclopedicheskii spravochnik, 2020, no. 8,
   pp. 18-22.
7. Marenkov I.G., Baurova N.I. Vestnik MADI, 2020, no. 4 (63), pp. 29-35.
8. Petrova A.P., Malysheva G.V. Klei, kleevie svyazyuchie i kleevie prepregi (Adhesives, glue binders and glue prepregs), Moscow, VIAM, 2017, 472 p.
9. Bondaletova L.I., Bondaletov V.G. Polimernie kompozicionnie materiali (Polymer composite material), Tomsk, TPU, 2013, 118 p. 
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11. Guzeva T.A. Vse materiali. Enciclopedicheskii spravochnik, 2014, no. 3, pp. 17-19.

Abstract. 

The article is devoted to the study of the properties of an asphaltic concrete mixtures of an experimental composition, obtained in the laboratory of NSUACE (Sibstrin) as a result of the use in the structure of the mineral part of the waste of KUZBASS coal enrichment with a particle size not exceeding 0,125 mm. The physical and mechanical characteristics of the samples of the asphaltic concrete mixture of the experimental composition have been determined. It is shown that the composition of the asphaltic concrete mixture prepared with the use of coal enrichment wastes in its physical and mechanical properties meets the requirements of GOST 9128-2013 «Asphaltic concrete and polimer asphaltic concrete mixtures, asphaltic concrete and polimer asphaltic concrete for roads and aerodromes. Specifications», and for some indicators characterizing the operational work of the material, it exceeds the requirements established by the regulatory and technical documentation.

Keywords: asphaltic concrete mixtures, waste of coal enrichment, operational characteristics of asphaltic concrete pavements.

References

1. Programma razvitiya ugol'noy promyshlennosti Rossii na period do 2030 goda. Rasporyazheniye Pravitel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 13 iyunya 2020, № 1582-r. (Program for the development of the coal industry in Russia for the period up to 2030. Order of the Government of Russian Federation of 13.06.2020, No. 1582-r.), Moscow, 2020.
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Abstract. 

In modern conditions, when repairing roads, the method of cold regeneration or cold recycling of road surfaces is widely used. The reuse of materials in cold recycling technologies is one of the most effective solutions for the repair, overhaul and reconstruction of highways. The method makes it possible to reuse existing layers of road pavement, which are milled as a result of repairs, reinforced with a binder and used in the future as bases for new asphalt concrete coatings. The problems of choosing the optimal amount of binder for strengthening asphalt-granular concrete mixtures are considered. The compositions of asphalt-granular concrete with the use of mineral, organic and complex binders are given. The optimum amount of bitumen and cement was established when reinforcing asphalt-granular concrete mixtures. Investigations of the physico-mechanical properties of asphalt granular concrete for various types of reinforcement were carried out. The test results of samples of asphalt concrete with various types of reinforcement for compression and water saturation are presented. Various types of reinforcement of asphalt-granular concrete are recommended as the top layer of the base of pavements during cold recycling of road structures.

Keywords: cold recycling, service life, asphalt-granular concrete, optimal amount of binder, physical and mechanical properties, experimental studies, the strength of pavement automobile road.

References

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Abstract. 

References

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Abstract. 

The article is devoted to the questions, connected with the determination of dynamic coefficient when calculating road pavements. The existing normative documents regulating the methods of designing and calculation of road pavement structures and design parameters have been analyzed. The attention is paid to the fact that the value of the dynamism factor, which is one of the important design parameters, was determined 50 years ago and has not been changed since, despite the fact that traffic conditions have radically changed during this time. The data on the determination of the dynamism coefficient obtained as a result of a number of scientific studies are presented. The dependence of the dynamism coefficient on the speed of traffic, loads, the smoothness of the roadway surface is shown. It is proved that normative values of dynamism coefficient do not correspond to the modern conditions, especially in cases when calculation of road clothes is made for the highways and roads of high categories where speed of transport streams and load-carrying capacity of trucks have increased considerably in recent years. It is concluded that further research is needed to adjust the values of the dynamism factor. It is also proposed when calculating road surfaces to take different values of the dynamism factor for roads with the speed of traffic up to 80 km/hour (low category roads, city streets and roads, industrial roads) and highways and high category roads (I-III category roads).

Keywords: dynamism factor, pavement, speed of traffic flow, static load, dynamic load.

References

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8. Ilina I.E., Volkova V.A. Sovremennie nauchnie issledovaniya i innovacii, 2017, no. 1 (69),
   pp. 217-221.
9. Uglova E.V., Konoreva O.V., Konorev A.S. Ustalostnoe razrushenie dorozhnyh pokrytij pri dinamicheskom vozdejstvii transportnyh sredstv (Fatigue failure of road surfaces under dynamic impact of vehicles), Rostov-on-Don, RGSU, 2015, 148 p.
10. Akulov V.V. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchj-prakticheskoj konferentsii “Stroitel’stvo – 2011”, Rostov-on-Don, RGSU, 2011, pp. 5-6.
11. Evtyukov S.A. Sovremennie problemi nauki i obrazovaniya, 2012, no. 3, p. 97.
12. Radovskiyi B.S., Suprun A.S., Kozakov I.I. Proektirovanie dorozhnih odezhd bolchegruznih avtomobileyi (Design of road pavements for the movement of heavy-duty vehicles), Kiev, Budivelnik, 1989, 168 p.
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Abstract. 

The issues of soil collapse during tunnel construction and measures to prevent soil collapse are considered in the article. The increase in the volume of construction of new tunnels using modern tunneling shields is noted in the introduction of the article. Germany, Canada, United States оf America and Japan are leaders in the production of tunnel shields. However, accidents caused by the collapse of the soil in the bottom of the shield can occur when tunneling using the shield method in unfavorable conditions. Accidents can lead to damage to tunneling shields, tunnel linings, deformations of the earth's surface, etc. Such accidents occur due to various reasons, including poor-quality fixing of the face, untimely filling of the construction gap, deformation of the shield shell, etc. Examples of accidents that occurred at real construction sites both in our country and abroad are given in the article. The causes of these accidents are analyzed. The main measures to prevent the occurrence of accidents that lead to the collapse of the soil in the face are given. Recommendations to eliminate the consequences of such soil collapses are given. Recommendations for the development of additional emergency measures and scientific research to prevent accidents are given in the conclusion of the article.

Keywords: tunnel, soil collapse, tunneling shield, deformations.

References 

1. Makovskij L.V., Kravchenko V.V., Sula N.A. Stroitel’stvo gorodskih avtotransportnyh tonnelej v slozhnyh usloviyah (Construction of urban road tunnels in difficult conditions), Moscow, KNORUS, 2019, 276 р.
2. Valiev A.G., Vlasov S.N., Samojlov V.P. Sovremennye shcitovye mashiny s aktivnym prigruzom zaboya dlya prohodki tonneley v slozhnyh inzhenerno-geologicheskih usloviayh (Modern active pressure balance shield machines for tunnel construction in difficult engineering-geological conditions), Moscow, TA Engineering, 2003, 70 p.
3. Vlasov S.N., Makovskij L.V., Merkin V.E. Avarijnye situatsii pri stroitel’stve I ekspluatatsii transportnyh tonneley I metropolitenov (Emergency situations during construction and operation of transport tunnels and subways), Moscow, TIMR, 2000, 197 p.
4. Merkin V. E., Samoylov V.P. Rukovodstvo po proektirovaniu i stroitel’stvu tonneley schitovym metodom (Guide for the design and construction of tunnels using the shield method), Moscow, TA Inzhiniring, 2009, 448 p.
5. Makovskij L.V., Kravchenko V.V., Sula N.A., Schekudov E.V., Ziborov M.A., Petrova E.N. Stroitel’stvo avtodorozhnyh i gorodskih tonnelej (Construction of road and city tunnels), Moscow, INFRA-M, RIOR, 2014, 397 p.

Abstract. 

The article considers the methodology for assessing the impact on the environment and public health of measures to prohibit the entry of vehicles belonging to low environmental classes into a certain territory of the city (this territory is called an "environmental zone" or "low emission zone"). Impact assessment environmental zone on the state of the environment was the modeling of traffic flows on the road network before and after the organization of the ecological zones, the assessment of pollutant emissions from the aggregate transport streams, the calculation of the maximum and annual average ground-level concentrations of the considered pollutants on the territory of ecological zones. The main pollutants considered are: CO2, CO, VOC, NMVOC, CH4, NO2, SO2, N2O, NH3, BC (soot), particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5. Based on the calculated average annual concentrations of pollutants, characteristics of the population density living in the ecological zone, and scenarios of its interaction with pollutants, public health risk assessments were carried out before and after the organization of the ecological zone. Studies have shown that the change in gross emissions of major pollutants in the organization of an ecological zone will be 40 ... 60%.

Keywords: atmospheric air pollution, air quality, environmental impact assessment, motor vehicles, ecological zone, low emission zones, risk assessment.

References

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3. Shelmakov S. V. Ekotransport (The eco-vehicles), Moscow, MADI, 2018, 160 р.
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8. Donchenko V. V., Sharov M. I., Chizhova V. S. Vestnik MADI, 2020, no. 1 (60), рр. 106–112.
9. Dias D., Tchepel O., Antunes A. P. Integrated modelling approach for the evaluation of low emission zones, Journal of Environmental Management, 2016, vol. 177, pp. 253–263.
10. Prikaz Ministerstva prirodny`x resursov i e`kologii Rossijskoj Federacii ot 06.06.2017 № 273 "Ob utverzhdenii metodov raschetov rasseivaniya vy`brosov vredny`x (zagryaznyayushhix) veshhestv v atmosfernom vozduxe", available at: http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201708110012?index=0&rangeSize=1 (01.10.2020).

Abstract. 

The development of intelligent transport systems (ITS) is an important component of improving the efficiency of the transport complex as a whole. One of the main national tasks in the transport sector is to reduce accidents on the roads of the Russian Federation, which is spelled out in the framework of achieving the indicators of the transport strategy of the Russian Federation and the national project "Safe and High-quality Highways". The purpose of this article is to analyze the possibility of using the tools of Intelligent transport systems to identify emergency areas, taking into account changing environmental factors and traffic parameters in real time, and to assess the factors that characterize the driver's influence on the creation of emergency situations. Preventive measures taken in the current period in the country to prevent road accidents can reduce the severity of their consequences, but they are not enough. One of the important tasks in forming a list of measures aimed at reducing the number of accidents is to determine the most dangerous areas, as well as the causes of accidents. Improving road safety, reducing the number of road accidents and the severity of their consequences is one of the main directions of the development of the country's transport complex.

Keywords: road safety, road safety audit, intelligent transport systems.

References

1. Zhankaziev S. Current Trends of Road-traffic Infrastructure Development, Transportation Research Procedia, 2017, vol. 20, pp. 731-739.
2. Zhankaziev S., Gavrilyuk M., Morozov D., Zabudsky A. Scientific and methodological approaches to the development of a feasibility study for intelligent transportation systems, Transportation Research Procedia, 2018, vol. 36, pp. 841–847.
3. Vorob'ev A.I., Gavrilyuk M.V., Mordanov I.S. Vestnik evrazijskoj nauki, 2014, no. 2 (21), p. 101
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7. Vlasov V., Konin I., Pribyl P., Bogumil V. Development of Standards and their Harmonization with International Standards as a Necessary Condition of Normative and Technical Support in Construction and Development of Intelligent Transport Systems in Russia, Transportation Research Procedia,  2017, vol. 20, pp. 690–694.
8. Zhankaziev S.V. Nauchnye osnovy i metodologiya formirovaniya intellektual'nyh transportnyh sistem v avtomobil'no-dorozhnyh kompleksah gorodov i regionov (Scientific bases and methodology of formation of intelligent transport systems in automobile and road complexes of cities and regions), Doctor's thesis, Moscow, MADI, 2013, 451 p.
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10. Bujlenko V.Ya., Korotkova Yu.A., Pahomova A.A. Ekspertnyj analiz dorozhnyh uslovij (Expert analysis of road condition), Moscow, MADI, 2019, 108 p.

Abstract. 

Traffic management at intersections is one of the most important tasks in the design of intersections. The statistics of the Department of Transport and Road Infrastructure Development of the city of Moscow in 2020 indicate that a quarter of traffic violation rules of the total number are due to non-compliance with road markings and takes second place after speed violations, corresponding to a ratio of 58%. Traffic management at an unregulated intersection with a dedicated lane for ground public transport (GPT) not only ensures the safety for transport vehicles in the process of changing lanes, but also it is necessary to take into account the provision of priority for GPT. One of the reasons is shortcomings in the traffic management. Thus, in order to solve this problem, in addition to compliance with the rules of the road by drivers, road agencies and the government, more attention should be paid to traffic management. The article presents the results of field studies of the process of lane-changing cars for right turns at an unregulated intersection with a dedicated lane for GPT. A mathematical model is proposed for determining the distance required to change lanes when performing a right turn maneuver.

Keywords: ground public transport; dedicated lane; traffic management; lane change, lane-changing; lane change times.

References

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Abstract. 

Obstacles in the form of road closures are events that significantly affect the capacity of the road and the characteristics of the transport network as a whole. Each traffic accident or other roadway closure entails significant material and non-material consequences for both the users of the transport complex and the state. Road closures have a significant impact on all road users and lead to a reduction in the level of road maintenance. The main indicator for assessing the damage from the overlaps considered in this article is the travel time, and the growth of this indicator and, as a result, the growth of socio-economic losses, directly depends on the intensity of traffic on the section where such overlaps occur. In order to calculate the economic damage caused by road closures, it is necessary to assess the factors that accompany the occurrence of obstacles. The type of road network, the characteristics of the overlap, the meteorological conditions-all this has a different impact on the consequences of unauthorized traffic restrictions. The combination of the influence of a set of active factors largely affects the main performance indicators of the Moscow transport complex, increasing the likelihood of road accidents.

Keywords: roadway overlap, transport complex, interference with the movement of vehicles.

References 

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5. Zhankaziev S., Gavrilyuk M., Morozov D., Zabudsky A. Scientific and methodological approaches to the development of a feasibility study for intelligent transportation systems, Transportation Research Procedia, 2018, vol. 36, pp. 841–847.
6. Zhankaziev S.V., Novikov A.N., Vorobyev A.I., Kulev A.V., Morozov D.Y. Efficiency of operation and functioning of the system of an indirect transport flow regulation and control, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 2017, vol. 12(13), pp. 3645–3652.
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Abstract. 

The article considers the principle of reflexive control in vehicles with different levels of automation. General information about the system of reflexive management, its history and development in various spheres of social interaction is given. It also describes the classification of vehicle automation levels according to the SAE j3016 standard "Classification and systematization, as well as definitions of terms related to driving automation systems for road motor vehicles". The principle of processing incoming information in the context of designing a human-machine interface is analyzed. Five stages of information processing by the driver (operator) with the output decision-making process and subsequent control of the performed actions with possible adjustment of management actions from the position of algorithmic duplication of these stages of the machine component of the system are defined. The mathematical apparatus of influencing the driver's management decisions is presented, which includes the final ranking according to two criteria: reflexive conclusions from the position of the driver (operator) and reflexive "conclusions" of the neural network. Practical recommendations are also given for the application of this control model in various human-machine systems that interact in the road transport infrastructure in order to reduce the level of conflict in the traffic flow.

Keywords: human-machine systems, human-machine interface, reflexive control, vehicle with different levels of automation, data transmission, conflict in the traffic flow, road transport infrastructure.

References

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Abstract. 

The article considers the possibility of introducing zones with low emissions of pollutants as one of the tools of transport demand management to reduce emissions of pollutants into the air from road transport. Such zones are traffic management schemes aimed at restricting the entry of vehicles of low environmental classes on the territory of settlements, urban districts. Foreign experience of creation of zones with restriction of the entrance of vehicles of low ecological classes is analyzed and the assessment of possible influence of the specified zones on decrease in emissions of polluting substances is given. The main tools used in the framework of measures to manage transport demand, necessary to improve the environmental sustainability of transport systems. The analysis of the practice of introduction of zones with restriction of entry of vehicles of low ecological classes in foreign countries showed the important role of this event in the developed strategies for the management of transport demand. The estimation of possible ecological efficiency of introduction of a zone with low emissions in the center of Moscow is resulted. It is noted that Russia has a policy aimed at reducing emissions of pollutants and the formation of a sustainable transport system.

Keywords: transport demand management, sustainable transport, motor vehicle, low emission zone, ecological zone, emissions of pollutants into the air, particulate matter РМ10.

References

1. Bakirej A. S., Xaritoshkin N. V. Transport Rossijskoj Federacii, 2014, no. 4 (53), рр. 3–7.
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7. Trofimenko Yu. V., Komkov V. I., Trofimenko K. Yu. Avtotransportnoe predpriyatie, 2013, no. 8, pp. 34–38.
8. Andreeva E. A., Bettger K., Belkova E. V., Burmistrov A. N., Gizatullin R. R., Gorev A. E`, Dushkin R. V., Zhankaziev S. V., Zharkov A. D., Kolosova T. S., Kuzneczov A. V., Kurochkin E. A., Kurcz V. V., Morozov V. P., Proxorov A. V., Solodkij A. I., Shveczov V. L. Upravlenie transportnymi potokami v gorodah (Urban traffic management), Moscow, INFRA-M, 2019, 206 р.
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Abstract. The article emphasizes the importance of improving the technical and organizational level and ensuring sustainable financial condition of the transport industry to ensure the competitiveness of Russia, the impact of transport services on the most important aspects of the state development, as well as the importance of accelerated introduction of digital technologies to improve the quality of transport services. The main problems of the transport industry, which in the first place include: insufficient investment in rolling stock and innovative projects, are revealed; the low level of financial and economic indicators of the transport industry; organizational, methodological and financial unavailability of many enterprises of the transport industry for the implementation of innovative projects, etc. Considered the possibility of resolving many of them using digital technologies in order to implement the adopted on this issue of legal acts, Programs and decrees of the President. The authors assess the main digital investment projects implemented in the transport industry in terms of their impact on the financial performance of enterprises. The importance of establishing a business risk management system based on the information base and using modern methods of data processing, forecasting, evaluation and analysis is emphasized. The possibilities and risks of using cryptocurrencies and technologies of the distributed register, allowing: to replace intermediaries between users of currencies; to reduce transaction costs; to provide simplicity, speed and safety of cash payments; to use online platforms for investment of temporarily free funds in financial market instruments, are revealed.

Keywords: enterprises of the transport industry, digital innovation projects, systems of transport processes, monitoring of financial condition, information and financial services, financial resources, financial indicators, digital financial assets, risk management.

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