«Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobilno-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta (MADI)» | Number 1(56), March 2019

Abstract. Export of freight forwarding services is a significant component in the overall export-import balance of any state. The provision of transport expedition services in servicing international cargo flows is fraught with certain complexities, consisting in the absence of unified legal norms regulating this type of activity. Talk about international conventions that have not entered into force, there is no point, for this reason, the authors consider the problem from the perspective of the domestic freight forwarding company and the current Russian legislation. In Russia, the main legal and regulatory document regulating this field of activity is the Federal Law of June 30, 2003 "On Transport and Forwarding Activity" No. 87-FZ, as well as the "Rules of Transport and Forwarding Activity" adopted in the development of the logic of this of the law. The authors consider the experience of foreign countries in the development of common legal norms regulating the market of freight forwarding services. The issues of licensing this field of activity are also given attention in the material of the article, as in the organization of business in the Russian Federation this field of activity has a number of specific features, and requires special attention when considering it. The authors consider the experience of the operating company, which represents the practical importance of this article.

Keywords: Export of freight forwarding services, Rules of forwarding activity, forwarding documents, FIATA bills of lading.

References

1. UOP-600 / UCP-600 Unifitsirovannyye obychai i pravila dlya dokumentarnykh akkreditivov, broshyura MTP №600, http://www.far-aerf.ru/for_MP/mezhdunarodnye/unif_akkreditiv.htm
2. Federalnyy zakon ot 6 iyulya 2016 goda №374-FZ «O vnesenii izmeneniy v Federal'nyy zakon «O protivodeystvii terrorizmu» i otdelnyye zakonodatelnyye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii v chasti ustanovleniya dopolnitel'nykh mer protivodeystviya terrorizmu i obespecheniya obshchestvennoy bezopasnosti», http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_201078
3. Antonov D., Kholopov K. RZHD-Partner, 2009, no. 4.
4. Golubchik A.M. Rossiyskiy vneshneekonomicheskiy vestnik, 2018, no. 1, pp. 46-55
5. Golubchik A.M., Filatov S.A. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2017, no. 2 (49), pp. 103-109
6. Kokin A.S., Levikov A.G. Mezhdunarodnaya transportnaya ekspeditsiya (International transport expedition), Moscow, Delo, 2005, 448 p.
7. Golubchik A.M., Efimenko, D.B., Filatov S.A. Organizatsiya dokumentarnogo obespecheniya mezhdunarodnykh perevozok gruzov i tamozhennogo kontrolya (Organization of documentary support for international transport of goods and customs control), Moscow, MADI, 2017, 156 p.
8. Efimenko D.B., Vasil'yenkov R.V., Filatov S.A., Zaikin R.N. Avtotransportnoye predpriyatiye, 2015, no. 10, pp. 5-9.
9. Kholopov K.V. Vneshneekonomicheskiy byulleten', 2003, no. 11, pp. 72-78.
10. Carriage of Goods by Sea Act of the United States of America, app. April 16, 1936, sec. 4281–4288.
11. Jones P. FIATA Legal handbook on Forwarding, 2nd ed., Toronto, Republic Communications, 1993.

Abstract. The test trial to analyze the motor oil parameters, which are traditionally determined during the laboratory analysis, from the perspective of practicability of their usage as indicators of oil aging is featured in the article. The rationale of the topic is explained by high labor intensity and uncertainty of engine oil state estimation because of excessive diversity of determined parameters and significant differences between chemical formulas of various producers’ oils. As far as the work, oil changes its features. In certain accumulation of changes the need of its replacement occurs, as further service will cause the decrease of automobile reliability. Besides the review of publications authors have carried out the operational research of engine oil Castrol EDGE 5W-30, which works within the engine 1.6 CFNA in automobile Volkswagen PoloSedan. For the parameters’ determination complex laboratory machine OSA 4 MotorCheck has been used, which carries out both physical and chemical and spectrum analysis. Five test portions were selected and analyzed. On the grounds of time history the conclusion, that the most informative parameters are the content of sodium and ferrum in oil as well as base number and acid index, has been made.  The parameters have expressed tendency of change, which does not depend on the peculiarities of oil formula, construction solutions and regimes of engine work. 

Keywords. Internal-combustion engine; engine oil; ageing; laboratory analysis; replacement frequency.

Abstract. The article describes the design and operation principle of the additional equipment including a folding hydrodynamic front shield and folding air tanks for the perspective small-class amphibious vehicle equipped with wheel suspension that has a folding system. Well-known additional equipment designs that affect the navigable properties of high-speed amphibious small-class vehicles equipped with a folding suspension system are considered. The additional equipment of the amphibious vehicle, equipped with retractable suspensions of the wheels of the first and second axles, presented in the article, includes a hinged hydrodynamic shield in the front part, as well as a compressor and folding air tanks connected to it, having a shape and location in the unfolded state, providing shielding of wheel niches. The use of a hinged hydrodynamic shield hinged in the front allows increasing the total area of hydrodynamic interaction of the body of an amphibious vehicle with the water surface and, thus, to provide greater lifting force when the amphibious vehicle goes to planning mode. The use of collapsible air tanks for wheel niches shielding when driving on water eliminates the resistance of the hull, as well as increases the overall displacement and survivability of the amphibious vehicle. In addition, the air tank system has a low mass, compactness in the folded state and constructive simplicity.

Keywords: amphibious vehicle, additional equipment, air tanks, hydrodynamic front shield, wheel niches shielding.

References

1.  Stepanov A.P. Proektirovanie amfibijnyh mashin (Amphibious vehicles design), Moscow, Megalion, 2007, 420 p.

2.  March J. David. Patent US 8221174 B2, 17.07.2012.

3.  Gibbs A.T. Patent RU 2554708 C2, 27.06.2015.

Abstract. A quarter of all road accidents in the Russian Federation occur due to carelessness, drowsiness, loss of consciousness or the death of the driver. To solve this problem, driver attention monitoring systems (DAMS) are used. In the article, the authors reviewed the known solutions in this area in order to substantiate the development of a perspective DAMS, which may be a module of preventive motion control system. The authors have compiled a new classification of devices designed to monitor the condition of the driver, which formed the basis of the prospective DAMS block diagram and includes such units as direct monitoring, indirect monitoring, vigilance monitoring, tachograph and remote monitoring. The authors formulated the task of a perspective DAMS, which is to prevent driver states such as inattention, drowsiness, stress, aggression and loss of consciousness. According to the authors, indirect monitoring should be used to determine the aggressive state, distraction and drowsiness. Biometric characteristics such as pulse, electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, galvanic skin response, oculography, head position are listed as direct monitoring methods. In addition, the perspective DAMS should include such functions as a comprehensive integrator of driving danger and comfort, checking the driver’s readiness to take over control when driving autonomously, preventing the driver from overheating. Feedback from the driver should be carried out through the intelligent control panel, and from the dispatcher – through the navigation system. According to the authors, in order to reduce mortality on domestic roads, the installation of a secondary pressure relief system should soon become mandatory for all trucks and buses.

Keywords: driver reliability; active safety; mental stress; biometrics; preventive motion control system

References

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Abstract. In the work, analysis, synthesis and systematization of the special conditions of operation of road transport (climate, traffic and road), affecting its reliability, are made, and a brief review of the existing works on this topic is made. The influence of various operating conditions on the reliability indicators of individual (critical) units of road transport (AT) is considered. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop scientifically based flexible control strategies and technical maintenance (AT) of AT based on predicting the moment of failure by extrapolating the time drift process of the informative AT parameters on the interval of its intended use. To solve this problem, an approach was proposed based on the use of quasideterministic models of time drift of AT parameters, which allow to obtain analytical expressions for the main indicators of reliability - density of distribution of time to failure and probability of failure-free operation at a given time interval. On the basis of these reliability indicators, performance indicators have been developed that allow to determine the optimal frequency of maintenance and control. In the final part of the article, the author proposes an algorithm and a technique allowing to organize flexible AT maintenance strategies taking into account the special conditions of its operation.

Keywords reliability of automotive vehicles, flexible maintenance strategies, special operating conditions.

References

1. Ageev E. V., Shherbakov A. V., Pikalov S. V. Osobye uslovija tehnicheskoj jekspluatacii i jekologicheskaja bezopasnost' avtomobilej (Special conditions of technical operation and environmental safety of cars). Kursk, Tutorial Publ., 2015,212 p.
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6. Savin L.O., Korolyov M.V., Nosov M.V. Informacionno-upravlyayushchie sistemy, 2017, no. 3 (88), pp. 58-66.
7. Savin L.O. Vestnik Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta, 2017, vol. 21, no. 11, pp. 199 – 208.
8. Savin L.O., Korolyov M.V., Taranov A.B. Patent 2018615112 RU, 26.04.2018.

Аннотация
В статье рассматривается вариант моделирования поведения водителя в системе «водитель – машина», оценивается влияние составляющих системы на управляемость машины и обосновывается необходимость упреждающих действий в связи с задержками в системе.

Ключевые слова:
динамическая модель, система «водитель – машина», психофизиологические характеристики водителя, система автоматического регулирования, моделирование поведения водителя.

Список литературы:

1. Ломов, Б.Ф. Человек и техника / Б.Ф. Ломов. – 2-е изд. – М.: Знание, 1966. – 464 с.
2. Васильченков, В.Ф. Концептуальные основы развития теории автомобильной техники: дис. … д-ра техн. наук/ В.Ф. Васильченков; РВАИ. – Рязань, 2000. –    403 с.
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Abstract. The article describes the basic ideas of designing a driver interaction interface with a highly automated vehicle and defines a new look at the relationship between a person and a vehicle of varying degrees of automation. Highly automated car is presented in the form of a transport unit consisting of 3 components. The connecting element in the interaction between these components is the user interface with the car and the program of autonomous movement. The importance of the presence of an intermediate element in the form of an interface lies in the planning of common goals in terms of the safe use of a new type of transport. As one of the key details in ensuring the safety of traffic for a relatively new type of transport, the theory of situational awareness is applied, applicable to solving the problem of interaction between a vehicle's subsystem and a driver. Based on psychophysiological studies Romanov A.N. identified the stages of the process of movement, which are subjects of management (driver and robotic agent) within the system of interaction between the driver and the car, equipped with subsystems for the implementation of automated movement. Within the framework of the situational awareness theory, the stages related to the collection of information and the prediction of future situations are considered in more detail in order to form a solution and choose the right action algorithm for safe movement.

Keywords: human-machine interface, transport automation functions, autonomous vehicles.

References

1. Zhankaziev S.V. Nauchniye osnovy I metodologia formirovaniya intellectual`nyh transportnyh system v avtomobil`no dorozhnyh kompleksah gorodov i regionov (Scientific basis and methodology for the formation of intelligent transport systems in the automobile and road complexes of cities and regions), Doctor’s thesis, Moscow, MADI, 2012, 451 p.
2. Prihodko V.M., Zhankaziev S.V. Na puti k avtonomnym transportnym sistemam. Nauchniye shkoly MADI (On the way to autonomous transport systems. MADI science schools), Moscow, Pero, 2016, 152 p.
3. Vorobiov A. I., Izonov S.V., Shadrin A.V. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2014, no. 3 (38), pp. 94-97.
4. Romanov A.N. Avtotransportnaya psihologiya (Transport Psychology), Moscow, Academia, 2002, 224 p.
5. Stanton N.A., Chambers P.R.G., Piggott J. Situational awareness and safety, Safety Science, 2001, no. 39 (3), pp. 189-204.
6. Butakov V., Ioannou P. Driving autopilot with personalization feature for improved safety and comfort, 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Las Palmas, IEEE, 2015, pp. 387-393.
7. Kyriakidis M., Happee R., De Winter J. Public opinion on automated driving: results of an international questionnaire among 5000 respondents, Transportation research. Part F: Traffic psychology and behavior, 2015, vol. 32, pp. 127-140.
8. Daziano R.A., Sarrias M., Leard B. Are consumers willing to pay to let cars drive for them? Analyzing response to autonomous vehicles, Transportation Research. Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2017, vol. 78, pp. 150-164.
9. Winter S.R., Rice S., Mehta R., Cremer I., Reid K.M., Rosser T.G., Moore J.C. Indian and American consumer perceptions of cockpit configuration policy, Journal of air transport management, 2015, vol. 42, pp. 226-231.

Abstract. The article presents the results of a scientific experiment conducted to determine the level of personal qualities of drivers, aged 18 to 23 years. The task of the study is to further improve the methods of training drivers, as well as adjusting the road behavior of novice drivers. The factors are considered according to the personal characteristics of novice drivers. Presents conclusions on the block of personal qualities of drivers, as well as the manifestation of these qualities in the process of driving. The analysis of the number of accidents caused by drivers with experience of up to 2 years. The formulation of the problem of determining the complex of personal qualities possessed by young drivers is described. The indicators of the quality level of training in driving schools of Krasnodar are given. The causes of accidents among novice drivers are described. The results of the survey of the intellectual level of drivers with driving experience of less than 2 years, as well as the results of anxiety survey of drivers with driving experience of less than 2 years are presented. Conclusions for each result of the study are given.  These studies can be used to develop special programs for training drivers in driving schools, as well as regulating road behavior and reducing accidents caused by drivers.

Keywords: driving school, driver training, driving experience, young driver, personal qualities, risk of accident, testing methods.

References

1. Safronov E.A., Safronov K.E., Semenova E.S. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2017, no. 4 (51), pp. 105-114.
2. Ermolaev V.V., Chetverikov A.I., Puchkova A.N., Venus O.G. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2016, no. 4 (47), pp. 132-137.
3. Kozeltsev V.V. Molodoj issledovatel' Dona, 2017, no. 1 (4), pp. 46-48.
4. Bebinov S.E. Gumanitarnye nauki. Pedagogika, 2016, no. 4 (40), pp. 157-163.
5. Mukhin E.M., Litvinova N.A., Prokhorov A.M., Berezina M.G. Vestnik ehkonomicheskoj bezopasnosti, 2016, no. 2, pp. 403-408.
6. Polyakova S.V. Vestnik Ural'skogo instituta ehkonomiki, upravleniya i prava, 2015 nо. 2, pp. 110-114.
7. Paul A.A. Sovremennye problemy transportnogo kompleksa Rossii, 2013, no. 2, pp. 222-229.
8. Dementienko V.V. Inzhener i promyshlennik segodnya, 2018, no. 32, pp. 38-39.
9. Rabchinsky A. I. Avtomobil'naya promyshlennost', 2017, nо. 10, pp. 23-28.
10. Kravchenko L.A., Bereka I.A., Lykov I.V. Nauchnoe soobshchestvo studentov XXI stoletiya. Tekhnicheskie nauki, Sbornik statei, Novosibirsk, Sibirskaya akademicheskaya kniga, 2016, vol. 5 (41), pp. 360-367.
11. Kravchenko L.A., Naumenko M.A., Bereka I.A. Problemy avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo kompleksa Rossii: organizaciya avtomobil'nyh perevozok i bez-opasnost' dorozhnogo dvizheniya, Sbornik statei, Penza, PGUAS, 2014, pp. 109-113.

Abstract. The paper discusses the combination of thermochemical treatment of critical parts of transport equipment with ultrasonic action. Combined processes of surface modification, which combine thermochemical treatment and electro-physical action, allow obtaining the required operational properties unattainable by other technologies: fatigue strength, wear resistance, contact endurance and corrosion resistance. The combination of thermochemical process with ultrasound is carried out in two ways: when using process fluid, and with ultrasonic plastic deformation. Nitriding is used as the thermochemical treatment method; ultrasonic action is produced by special ultrasonic oscillating systems, which allow regulating the acoustic power in a wide range, from tenths to 50 W/cm². The experimental results confirm the preliminary conclusions about the possibility of optimizing the nitriding process by its acceleration and increasing the case depth when exposed to ultrasound. Ultrasonic plastic deformation improves the roughness of the workpiece surface. Studies show that during the operation, the mechanical characteristics, including the fatigue strength of materials, largely depend on the state and properties of the surface layer, therefore, a reasonable choice and design of technological processes to get products with properties that best meet the conditions of operation is an actual problem.

Keywords: chemical heat treatment, nitriding, ultrasound, surface plastic deformation, combined technologies, roughness, surface layer.

References

1. Smolentsev V.P., Smolentsev E.V. Vestnik RGATA im. P.A.Solov'eva, 2017, no. 2 (41), pp. 5-9.
2. Petrova L.G., Gladova G.V., Chudina O.V. Materialovedenie (Materials Science), Moscow, MADI (GTU), 2008, 288 p.
3. Lakhtin Yu. M. Osnovi metalovedeniy (Fundamentals of metallurgy), Moscow, INFRA-M, 2017, 272 p.
4. Aleksandrov V.A. Fatyuhin D.S., Petrova L.G. Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov, 2015, no. 5 (719), pp. 55-58.
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Abstract. The article developed an analytical oscillatory mathematical model of the system “telescopic boom - load”, which allows to determine the main characteristics of changes in the system parameters relative to the vertical and horizontal planes, in the mode of static and dynamic loading of the crane, taking into account the interaction of boom sections, hydraulic cylinders of telescoping and lifting, as well as taking into account the vertical and horizontal intersectional gaps, as well as its own flexural rigidity of the boom elements rudovaniya. The mathematical model is a system of two separate subsystems of equations, the first seven-mass dynamic model describes the movement of a load and elements of a telescopic boom in a vertical plane, and the second six-mass dynamic model describes the movement of elements of a telescopic boom in a horizontal plane and, in the absence of a load, vertical. As parameters of the technical system (generalized coordinates), the following parameters were chosen: the deflection angle of the middle section; deflection angle of the upper section; stock piston tilt angle; vertical movement of cargo. Dynamic mathematical models of the "telescopic boom - load" system are based on the Lagrange equation of the second kind. The obtained results allow to increase the degree of safe operation of cranes equipped with telescopic boom equipment.

Keywords: telescopic boom, lifting crane, mathematical model, vibration, backlash.

References

1. Pozynich E.K., Pozynich K.P., Kovalev I.B. Mekhaniki XXI veku, 2010, no. 9, pp. 137-142.
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Abstract. The purpose of the article is to assess the effectiveness of the use of Russian specialized equipment, produced on the basis of a feasibility study. The subject of the research is the technical and economic indicators of the airfield machines of domestic and foreign production. The article provides an overview of the state of the market for specialized mechanical engineering on the example of the production of machines for the distribution of reagents over airfield pavements. An analysis of the technical and economic performance of models that are similar in technical characteristics to a number of Russian and foreign machines for the distribution of liquid anti-icing agents was carried out. A comparative assessment was carried out at the cost of production per unit of production, the value of the annual costs associated with the operation of ma-chines, the area processed by the machine for the year, and the replaceable operational performance of the selected type of aerodrome machines. In the course of the assessment and analysis, a number of coefficients characterizing the reliability of machines were taken into account. As a result, the main competitive advantages of domestically produced equipment were identified – the minimum cost of production of works on the de-icing treatment of airfield pavements and the minimum cost of machine-shift. The article suggests some ways to improve the competitiveness of domestically produced machines. The results and conclusions are recommended for use by enterprises for the production of specialized equipment as a motivation to increase the volume of production and improve the technical characteristics of domestic machines.

Keywords: operational efficiency, airfield distributor of reagents (ADR), technical and economic indicators, cost of production per unit of product, operational replaceable productivity.

References

1. Postanovleniye Pravitel'stva RF no. 656 “Ob ustanovlenii zapreta na dopusk otdel'nykh vidov tovarov ma-shinostroyeniya, proiskhodyashchikh iz inostrannykh gosudarstv, dlya tseley osushchestvleniya zakupok dlya obespecheniya gosudarstvennykh i muni-tsipal'nykh nuzhd, http://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/70595588/#ixzz519EvoDV3
2. Pozynich Ye.K., Pozynich K.P., Eunap R.A. Mekhaniki XXI veku, 2015, no. 14, pp. 297-302. 
3. Agricultural statistics, Washington, Government Printing Office, 2016, 990 p.
4. Ryshkov D.Ye., Rodionova I.N., Gorokhov A.A., Frolova A.A. Aktual'nyye problemy razvitiya khozyaystvuyushchikh sub"yektov, territoriy i sistem regional'nogo i munitsipal'nogo upravleniya, Sbornik statei, Kursk, Universitetskaya kniga, 2016, pp. 203-208.
5. Zavisimost' ot importa produktsii mashinostroyeniya v stra-nakh mira, https://aftershock.news/?q=node/378263&full
6. Warwick K. Beyond Industrial Policy: Emerging Issues and New Trends, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers, 2013, No. 2, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k4869clw0xp-en
7. Garina E., Kuznetsovs S., Semakhin E., Semenov S., Sevryukova A. Development of national production through integration of machine building enterprises into industrial park structures, European Research Studies Journal, 2015, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 271-286.
8. Khaletskiy A. Programma razvitiya i sovershenstvovaniya aero-dromnoy tekhniki, https://os1.ru/article/7472-programma-razvitiya-i-sovershenstvovaniya-aerodromnoy-tehniki
9. Dobrovol'skiy V. P. Transport Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2010, no. 5 (30), pp. 35-37.
10. Mandrovskiy K.P. Zayavka RU 2016612958, 01.07.16.
11. Kruk Z., Kupicz W. Quantification of operational readiness of vehicles utilized in actions, Bezpieczenstwo i Technika Pozarnicza, 2014, no. 34, pp. 85-91.
12. Surkova T.A. Inzhenerno-tekhnicheskoye obespecheniye APK. Refe-rativnyy zhurnal, 2004, no. 1, p. 52.
13. Makarova V.A. Problemy mekhanizatsii agrokhimicheskogo obespecheniya sel'skogo khozyaystva, 2016, no. 10, pp. 201-211.
14. Kustarev G.V., Mandrovskiy K.P., Tyurin Ya.I. Mekhanizatsiya stroitel'stva, 2016, vol. 77, no. 5, pp. 18-23.
15. Mandrovskiy K. P. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosu-darstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2016, no. 1 (44), pp. 26-33.

Abstract. At present was developed a wide range of adhesives for various purposes. Widespread in the field of mechanical engineering for repair work received metal-filled adhesive compositions, due to the simplicity and effectiveness of their use. The task of choosing an adhesive composition can be solved only in conjunction with the development of technology for creating adhesive bonding within a single design and technological solution. To solve this problem, the article presents an analytical review of adhesive compositions used in the repair of metal-filled adhesives. Features the use of adhesives in the field of mechanical engineering was considered. The analysis of the factors influencing the choice of the composition of the adhesive composition and the technology of its application was carried out. The criterion of the effectiveness of choosing the optimal repair strategy was determined. The substantiation of the choice of the mathematical apparatus is stated and the mathematical model of making the optimal decision on the choice of the composition of the metal-filled adhesive composition and the technology of its deposition on the surface of the restored part is presented. The developed mathematical model characterizes the link between the effective research index and the factors determining its value. This study allows to assess the significance of factors and, as a result, to reduce the number of variables of the subsequent regression analysis, to eliminate the correlation of variables and to reduce the impact of errors.

Keywords: machine parts, adhesive bonding, adhesive compositions, reliability, residual resource, mathematical modeling, metals, decision making, repair.

References

1. Baurova N.I., Zorin V.A. Tekhnologicheskaya nasledstvennost' pri proizvodstve detalej mashin iz polimernyh kompozicionnyh materialov (Technological heredity in the production of machine parts from polymer composite materials), Moscow, MADI, 2018, 220 p.
2. Baurova N.I., Zorin V.A. Primenenie polimernyh kompozicionnyh materialov pri proizvodstve i remonte mashin (The use of polymer composite materials in the manufacture and repair of machines), Moscow, MADI, 2016, 264 p.
3. Petrova A.P., Malysheva G.V. Klei, kleevye svyazuyushchie i kleevye prepregi (Adhesives, adhesive binders and adhesive prepregs), Moscow, VIAM, 2017, 472 p.
4. Ivanov V.P., Ivashko V.S., Konstantinov V.M., Lyalyakin V.P., Panteleenko F.I. Vosstanovlenie i uprochnenie detalej (Restoration and hardening of parts), Moscow, Nauka i tekhnologii, 2013, 368 p.
5. Konoplin A.Y. Baurova N.I. Distinctive Features of Surface Preparation for Gluing in Arctic Conditions, Polymer Science - Series D, 2018, vol. 11, issue 4, pp. 440-442.
6. Baurova N.I., Zorin V.A. Metody ocenki ehkspluatacionnyh svojstv detalej iz polimernyh kompozicionnyh materialov (Methods for assessing the performance properties of parts made of polymer composite materials), Moscow, MADI, 2017, 84 p.
7. Lapina N.V., Baurova N.I. Tekhnologiya metallov, 2018, no. 4, pp. 39-43
8. Baurova, N.I., Sergeev A.Y. Application of differential-scanning calorimetry for studying the properties of filled adhesive materials, Polymer Science - Series D, 2014, vol. 7 issue 2, pp. 140-144.
9. Sarkisyan S.A., Kaspin V.I., Lisichkin V.A., Minaev EH.S., Pasechnik G.S. Teoriya prognozirovaniya i prinyatiya reshenij (Theory of forecasting and decision-making), Moscow, Vysshaya shkola, 1977, 350 p.
10. Zorin V.A. Nadezhnost' mekhanicheskih sisteme (Reliability of mechanical system), Moscow, Infra-M, 2016, 384 p.

Abstract. This paper presents load rating for existing RC bridges based on the load and resistance factor rating (LRFR) approach. T-beam used for short span bridge. These bridges were built in 1960–70. As structures are aging, the assessment of bridges is becoming increasingly important. Effects of Increasing Truck Weight on Reinforced Concrete Bridges with short span are investigated. The static and dynamic effects of trucks increased up to five times in last 40 years. Live bridge load evaluation include the evaluation of primary load carrying bridge superstructure members (girders) in centre of span. The concept of rating is based on ultimate limit state design principle that the assessed minimum capacity of the bridge must be greater than the assessed maximum load effects. The critical mode of failure for this bridge is bending. The loading considered in the analysis included self weight of the structure, superimposed dead load  and live load in form 4 -axles vehicle ( gross weight 50 t ) and 3 -axles semi-trailer ( gross weight 47 t). The worst live load case comprised of two trucks passing over the bridge simultaneously. The Сonditions of the superstructure take into account. The cause of recent collapse of the bridge is analyzed.

Keywords: bridges, reinforced concrete bridge, short span, t-beam Bridge deck, inspection, соndition assessment,  vehicular live load, vehicular dynamic load allowance, live load  rating.

References

1. Tekhnicheskie usloviya proektirovaniya zheleznodorozhnyh, avtodorozhnyh i gorodskih mostov i trub, SN 200-62 (Technical conditions for the design of railway, road and urban bridges and pipes, Building codes 200-62), Moscow, Transzheldorizdat, 1962, 328 p.
2. Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva RF ot 9 yanvarya 2014 g. № 12 «O vnesenii izmenenij v nekotorye akty Pravitel'stva Rossijskoj Federacii po voprosam perevozki tyazhelovesnyh gruzov po avtomobil'nym dorogam Rossijskoj Federacii», https://rg.ru/2014/01/13/gruz-site-dok.html
3. Vremennoe rukovodstvo po opredeleniyu gruzopod"emnosti mostovyh sooruzhenij na avtomobil'nyh dorogah, ODN 218.0.032-2003 (Interim Guidelines for Determining the Load Capacity of Bridge Structures on Highways, Branch road norms 218.0.032-2003), Moscow, ROSAVTODOR, 2003, 97 p.
4. Normativnye nagruzki, raschetnye skhemy nagruzheniya i gabarity priblizheniya, GOST R52748-2007 (Regulatory loads, design loading schemes and approximation dimensions, State Standart R 52748-2007), Moscow, Standartinform, 2008, 11 p.
5. Mosty i truby, SP 35.13330.2011 (Bridges and pipes, Set of rules 35.13330.2011), Moscow,-Minregion Rossii, 2011, 341 p.
6. Rekomendacii po opredeleniyu parametrov i naznacheniyu kategorij defektov pri ocenke tekhnicheskogo sostoyaniya mostovyh sooruzhenij na avtomobil'nyh dorogah. Katalog defektov v mostovyh sooruzheniyah, ODM 218.3.042-2014 (Recommendations on the determination of parameters and the appointment of categories of defects in assessing the technical condition of bridge structures on highways. Defects catalog, Branch road methodical document 218.3.042-2014), Moscow, ROSAVTODOR, 2015, 46 p.
7. ODM 218.4.001-2008. Metodicheskie rekomendacii po organizacii obsledovaniya i ispytaniya mostovyh sooruzhenij na avtomobil'nyh dorogah (Guidelines for the organization of the survey and testing of bridge structures on highways, Branch road methodical document 218.4.001-2008), Moscow, ROSAVTODOR, 2008, 69 p.
8. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification, Washington, DC, American Association of State Highway and Trans-portation Officials, 2005, 1430 p.

Abstract. For many years in Moscow, when designing urban streets and roads, an album of typical pavements has been used. Typical pavement designs for the city of Moscow include layers of the most well-established road-building materials mined and produced in the Moscow region. The need to switch to standard solutions was due to the difficulty of predicting the development of the transport situation in the truck fleet segment, the dynamic development of ground-based public transport of city due to changing consumer demand for passenger transportation, the high risks of making the right design decisions on pavement design organizations and the problem of testing of these design decisions by the state expert body. The current album of standard road structures is outdated and does not always contribute to the most effective decision, contains violations of the requirements of regulatory documents, is criticized by construction companies because of non-technological structures, and has a number of inaccurate instructions. This article addresses the issue of grouping typical pavements, taking into account the classification of categories of city streets and roads in the regulatory documentation. An example of typical pavements designs is given.

Keywords: typical pavements.

References 

1. Goryachev M.G. Novaja nauka: ot idei k rezul'tatu, 2016. No. 10-3, pp. 43-45.
2. Postanovleniе Pravitel'stva RF ot 26 dekabrja 2014 g. №1521 «Ob utverzhdenii perechnja natsional'nyh standartov i svodov pravil (chastej takih standartov i svodov pravil), v rezul'tate primenenija kotoryh na objazatel'noj osnove obespechivaetsja sobljudenie trebovanij Federal'nogo zakona «Tehnicheskij reglament o bezopasnosti zdanij i sooruzhenij», https://base.garant.ru/70835592/
3. SP 42.1333.2011. Gradostroitel'stvo. Planirovka i zastrojka gorodskih i sel'skih poselenij. Aktualizirovannaja redaktsija SNiP 2.07.01-89*, http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200084712.
4. SP 42.13330.2016. Gradostroitel'stvo. Planirovka i zastrojka gorodskih i sel'skih poselenij. Aktualizirovannaja redaktsija SNiP 2.07.01-89*, http://docs.cntd.ru/document/456054209.
5. Dorozhnye konstruktsii dlja g. Moskvy. Tipovye konstruktsii, SK 6101-2010 (Road construction for the city of Moscow. Typical design, SC 6101-2010), Moscow, 2010, 79 p.

Abstract. On behalf of the Federal road Agency (Rosavtodor), MADI specialists developed the project of the album of standard designs of flexible pavements for Federal roads. Standard solutions will help to avoid design errors and ensure efficient operation of road structures within the regulatory service life. Development of standard designs of pavements is conducted taking into account reasonable recommendations on purpose of constructive characteristics of layers of coverings and the bases: to a type of material, a thickness of a layer, number of layers, a combination of materials in a design. The resulting recommendations for the design of the pavements of Federal highways can be extended to any public roads. For the development of typical road structures required analysis of the existing road structures in the areas of Federal roads in different traffic and climatic zones. In this article the analysis of design features of the most modern flexible pavements of sites of Federal highways of Russia with asphalt concrete layers is executed. The regularities in the construction of pavement by the number of layers and type of asphalt concrete material, as well as the use of reinforcing geosynthetic layers and protective layers in the construction of pavement.

Keywords: asphalt pavement, flexible pavements.

References

1. Catalogue des structures types de chausses neuves, Paris, Ministere de l Equipement des Transports et du Logement, 1998, 321 p.
2. Guide for Mechanistic - Empirical Design of New and Rehabilitated Pavement Structures, Champaign, 1999, 3731 p.
3. Domenichini L., Di Mascio P., Giannattasio P., Caliendo C., Festa B., Marchionna A., Finni P., Molinaro E., Paoloni G. Modello di catalogo delle pavimentazioni stradali, Napoli, 1993, 46 p.
4. RStO12. Richtlinien für die Standardisierung des Oberbaus von Verkehrsflächen, Ausgabe, 2012, 48 р.
5. RStO 11. Richtlinien fur die Standardisierung des Oberbaues von Verkehrsflachen, Ausgabe, 2011, 31 p.
6. Ushakov V.V., Nosov V.P., Yarmolinsky V.A., Goryachev M.G., Lugov S.V. Setting Frequency of Works on the Arrangement of Wear and Protective Layers of Road Surfaces, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 2016, vol. 11, issue 23, pp. 1207-11214.
7. Katalog tipovyh konstrukcij nezhestkoj dorozhnoj odezhdy dlya avtomobil'nyh dorog gosudarstvennoj kompanii «AVTODOR», STO AVTODOR 2.25-2016 (Catalog of typical structures of flexible road pavement for highways of the state company “AVTODOR”, STO AVTODOR 2.25-2016), Moscow, 2016, 127 p.
8. Lopashuk V.V., Kormilicyna L.V., Minyan Ta. Transportnoe stroitel'stvo, 2014, no. 9, pp. 16-19.
9. Dorozhnye konstruktsii dlja g. Moskvy. Tipovye konstruktsii, SK 6101-2010 (Road construction for the city of Moscow. Typical design, SC 6101-2010), Moscow, 2010, 79 p.
10. Ushakov V.V., Goryachev M.G., SHvedenko S.V. Avtomobil'. Doroga. Infrastruktura, 2018, no. 2 (16), p. 7.
11. Ushakov V.V., Goryachev M.G., Dmitriev S.M., Korneeva D.YU. Transportnoe stroitel'stvo, 2018, no. 9, pp. 4-7.
12. Proektirovanie nezhyostkih dorozhnyh odezhd, ODN 218.046-01 (Design of flexible pavement, Branch road norms 218.046-01), Moscow, Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, 2001, 145 p.

Abstract. The article examines the construction of the lining of steel concrete blocks: with stiffeners, with bar reinforcement, "open sandwich", "closed sandwich", etc. They are compared with the traditional ferroconcrete lining. The analysis of cost indicators showed profitability of steel-concrete sections in comparison with reinforced concrete. The expediency of using steel concrete structures has confirmed elimination of mobile formwork and reinforcement cages, the rejection of the use of expensive dry dock for the manufacture of sections. Analyzed global experience of use of the lining from reinforced concrete blocks in the UK and Japan. Examples of concrete structures during construction underwater tunnel under the River Conway in Norton Wales (United Kingdom), 520-meter section of the underwater tunnel in the port of Minathojima in the city of Kobe (Japan) are given. Results of complex research in steel structures at the University of Cardiff in the UK are presents and analyzed in the article. Mathematical modeling, laboratory and field experiments are includes in this experiments. The results of the research work were the basis for the introduction of steel concrete lining in the practice of tunnel construction. The article revealed that steel concrete structures can be used as single- and multi-span tunnel lining of rectangular and arched shape, enclosing "walls in the ground", bottom wells and caissons.

Keywords: tunnel, lining, down sections, floating concreting, fittings, stiffener, steel concrete blocks.

References

1. Makovskij L.V. Stroitel'stvo avtodorozhnyh i gorodskih tonnelej (Construction of road and city tunnels), Moscow, RIOR: INFRA-M, 2014, 397 p.
2. Makovskij L.V. Transport: nauka, tekhnika, upravlenie, 1998, no. 5, pp. 20–27.
3. Makovskij L.V. Podvodnye transportnye tonneli iz opusknyh sekcij (Underwater transport tunnels from the descending sections), Moscow, Knorus, 2017, 160 p.
4. Makovskij L.V. Nauka i tekhnika v dorozhnoj otrasli, 2007, no. 4, pp. 18–20.
5. Breitenbücher, R.; Meschke, G.; Song, F.; Hofmann, M.; Zhan, Y.: Experimental and numerical study on the load-bearing behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete for precast tunnel lining segments under concentrated loads. In Proceedings of FRC 2014 Joint ACI-fib International Workshop: Fibre Reinforced Concrete: from Design to Structural Applications, 24-25 July 2014, Montreal, Canada, pp. 431-443.
6. Balthaus H., Dorgarten H.-W., Billig B. Tunnelsicherung und –ausbau, Beton-Kalender 2005: Schwerpunkt: Fertigteile, Tunnelbauwerke, Berlin, 2005, pp. 257-381.
7. Khoury G.A., Anderberg Y. Concrete spalling review, https://www.cob.nl/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/JHO-099.V.04.D.pdf
8. Phan L.T. Pore pressure and explosive spalling in concrete, Materials and Structures, 2008, vol. 41, issue 10, pp. 1623–1632.
9. Tunnels and Tunneling international, 1999, vol. 31, N 9, p. 7.

Abstract. This article descripts in detail the use of a new type of asphalt on roads – porous-mastic asphalt (PMA), starting from the mix design of the mixture and production in the plant, delivery to the job-side, paving on the road and evaluations. To ensure the safety of concrete roads, where have place defects as cracking, reveling, potholes, poor sealing of cracks and joints, specialists of "Uneedus Group" LLP proposed to use porous mastic asphalt as a thin layer on the top of pavement. The article deals with the experience of Germany on the use of porous mastic asphalt, as well as a detailed analysis of the mixture design on the example of materials of one of the asphalt concrete producers in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The process of preparation at the plant, transportation and laying of the mixture on the cement concrete coating are described. According to the results of the experimental application of PMA obvious defects, cracks, potholes and technological or climatic cracks on the pavement are not observed. The author considers it important to conduct an additional detailed survey of the area where the PMA mixture is paved and to prepare recommendations for its use as a thin wearing course or as wearing course with traditional thickness on concrete pavements.

Keywords: porous-mastic asphalt concrete, laying, transportation, evaluation, cement concrete pavements.

References

1. R RK 218-2017 Recommendations for the preparation and use of porous-mastic asphalt mixes in the construction and maintenance of automobile roads, Ministry of Investment and Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
2. Arbeitspapier für die Ausführung von Asphaltdeckschichten aus PMA, AP PMA, http://www.fgsv-verlag.de/catalog/_pdf-files/738.i.pdf
3. GOST R 54400-2011. Dorogi avtomobil'nye obshchego pol'zovaniya. Asfal'tobeton dorozhnyj li-toj goryachij. Metody ispytanij, http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200087130
4. PMA – Porous Mastic Asphalt, A new concept – current state of knowledge, Dipl.-Ing. Bernd Jannicke, ORBR Landesbetrieb Strassenbau NRW, Gelsenkirchen (DE), EMAA – AEA – EGV – Stratford-upon-Avon (GB), 30.09./01.10.2010.
5. Materialy na osnove organicheskih vyazhushchih dlya dorozhnogo i aehrodromnogo stroi-tel'stva. Metody ispytanij, ST RK 1218-2003 (Materials based on organic binders for automobile roads and airfield construction. Test methods, ST RK 1218-2003), Astana, AO “KazdorNII”, 2005, 154 p.

Abstract. The paper presents the results of the calculation of the acidity modulus of blast-furnace and electric slag. The authors propose a modified formula of the acidity modulus, which will assess the resistance of slag to silicate decomposition. The results of calculations of the modulus of acidity according to the method of GOST, and according to the modified formula. The calculations were made for slags of different shelf life: slag of fresh plum and slag stored in the dumps for 15 years. Calculations for small fractions and for crushed stone were carried out separately. To compare the acidity modulus of the investigated electric steel slag, calculations were carried out for blast furnace slag in different regions of Russia. It is shown that slags with acidity modulus not less than 1,2 can be sufficiently resistant to silicate decomposition. In this paper for the first time it is proposed to calculate the viscosity modulus applied to slags. It is found that the modulus of viscosity of fine fraction of slag increases with age, the modulus of viscosity of crushed stone decreases. As a result of storage of slags within 15 - 20 years silicate disintegration proceeds, an additional incentive to it is carbonization of products of disintegration by carbon dioxide of atmosphere. The processes of silicate decomposition will lead to an increase in the dispersion of slag particles. The results of chemical analysis of slag OEMC confirmed this assumption. With long-term storage of slag in dumps in the slag mass, the content of fractions prone to silicate decomposition and hydration dispersion decreases.

Keywords: electric steel slag, blast furnace slag, basicity modulus, acidity modulus, viscosity modulus, silicate decomposition.

References 

1. Rahimbaev SH.M., Lelebina O.F. Sovershenstvovanie tekhnologii vyazhushchih, betonov i zhelezobetonnyh konstrukcij, Sbornik nauchnyh trudov, Perm, Permskij politekhnicheskij institute, 1989, pp. 32-35.
2. Vata mineral'naya. Tekhnicheskie usloviya, GOST 4640-2011 (Mineral Wool. Specifications, State Standart 4640-2011), Moscow, Standartiform, 2012, 11 p.
3. Malkova M. Yu. Razrabotka tekhnologii stroitel'nyh materialov iz domennyh shlakov (Development of technology of construction materials from blast furnace slag), Abstract Doctor’s thesis, Moscow, MIIT, 2007, 48 p.
4. Gorlov Y.P., Merkin A.P., Ustenko A.A. Tekhnologiya teploizolyacionnyh materialov (The technology of thermal insulation materials), Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1980, 399 p.

Abstract. A brief historical background, the origins and essence of the new scientific direction in logistics-logistics in the transport systems of cities. The existing and formulated perspective directions of development of this component of logistics are given. The analysis of literary sources, experience and teaching of disciplines in this field of knowledge allowed to justify the need to create a fundamentally new profile of training "logistics in transport systems of cities", which should form a new class of specialists: logistics engineer. Recommendations for the in-Ter training of students of technical universities in this field, including a wide range of issues that should be able to solve a modern logistics engineer and the competence that he must have. Some methodical aspects of studying of this profile, the list of the disciplines corresponding to it, and also recommendations on the maintenance of the considered profile are given. The possibility and features of teaching logistics in the transport systems of cities at the master's and postgraduate courses in technical specialties are discussed.

Keywords: logistics, transport systems, staff training.

References

1. Rodrigue J.-P., Comtois C., Slack B. The Geography оf Transport Systems, New York, Routledge, 2017, 440 p.
2. Taniguchi E., Thompson R.G., Yamada T. Visions for city logistics, Logistics systems for sustainable cities: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on City Logistics, (Madeira, Portugal, 25-27 June, 2003), Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2004, pp. 1-16.
3. Mirotina L.B. Transportnaya logistika (Transport logistics), Moscow, EHkzamen, 2003, 512 p.
4. Mirotina L.B. Logistika: obshchestvennyj passazhirskij transport (Logistics: public passenger transport), Moscow, EHkzamen, 2003, 224 p.
5. EN 13816-2002. Transportation - Logistics and services - Public passenger transport - Service quality definition, targeting and measurement, https://ec.europa.eu/eip/ageing/standards/city/transportation/en-138162002_en
6. Crainic T.G., Riccardi N., Storchi G. Models for evaluating and planning city logistics transportation systems, Montreal, CIRRELT, 2007, 57 p.
7. Taniguchi E., Thompson R.G., Yamada T., van Duin J.H.R. City logistics. Network modeling and intelligent transport systems, Oxford, Pergamon, 2001, 252 p.
8. Terminy MCHS, http://www.mchs.gov.ru/dop/terms/item/87091

Abstract. In this article, the author, building on the opinion of government forces and Russians about the reality created in the country's economy, summarized the material on the topic being studied, namely, he attempted to analyze ways of economic growth in the concepts of transformation of the current model of the Russian economy - institutionalisms, liberals and statesmen. The author pays special attention to the concept of statists, offering a neo-industrial-social model of the economy in which the state should become the main locomotive capable of making a breakthrough in the new post-industrial society – in the «economy of TNCs». In conclusion, the author expresses her own opinion on how to increase the rate of economic growth in Russia. According to the author, any new technological structure created in the economy, not to mention the sixth, will increase the capital-labor ratio, and as a result of this will lead to an increase in labor productivity. As a key proof, the author, supporting the opinion of statists, notes that by creating a «TNC economy» you should not abstract from the global metamorphosis in the global economy – global politics - a policy that will be pursued by a nationally-oriented government that is set to  «Russia's transformation into a high-tech and technetronic world superpower, economically and politically independent».

Keywords: structural reforms, structural growth, systemic crisis, ideas of Marxism-Leninism, Keynesianism, deindustrialization, TNC economy.

References

1. Arutyunova G.I., Sultygova A.A. Mezhdunarodnoe nauchnoe izdanie Sovremennye fundamental'nye i prikladnye issledovaniya, 2014, no. 1 (12), pp. 106-110.
2. Arutyunova G.I. Innovacii, 2001, no. 6, pp. 35-37.
3. Medvedev D. Novaya realnost: Rossiya i globalnye vyzovy, http://government.ru
4. Medvedev D. Rossiya dolzhna stat stranoj s vysokim urovnem blagoso-stoyaniya, https://aftershock.news
5. Zhironkin S. A. Ehkonomicheskie formy strukturnyh preobrazovanij v Rossii (Economic forms of structural changes in Russia), Kemerovo, GU KuzGTU, 2009, 245 p.
6. Kuncman M.V., Sultygova A.A. Mezhdu-narodnoe nauchnoe izdanie Sovremennye fundamental'nye i prikladnye is-sledovaniya, 2015, no. 1 (16), pp. 63-67.
7. Knyazev Yu. Obshchestvo i ehkonomika, 2015, no. 7, pp. 20-34.
8. Blyahman L.S. Problemy sovremennoj ehkonomiki, 2003, no. 3-4 (7-8), pp. 58-63.
9. Chernecova N.S., Skvorcova V. A., Novoselceva G. B. Institucionalno-strukturnye preobrazovaniya eko-nomicheskoj sistemy Rossii (Economic forms of structural changes in Russia), Penza, PGPU im. V.G. Belinskogo, 2004, 298 p.
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12. Taysumova D.M., Sultygova A.A. Nauchnyj vestnik Magistr, 2016, no. 2, pp. 75-83.
13. Katasonov V.Yu. V Rossii gotovyat pochvu dlya socialnyh vzryvov, http://wakeupnow.info/index.php/one
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Abstract. The article emphasizes the importance of improving the technical and organizational level and ensuring sustainable financial condition of the transport industry to ensure the competitiveness of Russia, the impact of transport services on the most important aspects of the state development, as well as the importance of accelerated introduction of digital technologies to improve the quality of transport services. The main problems of the transport industry, which in the first place include: insufficient investment in rolling stock and innovative projects, are revealed; the low level of financial and economic indicators of the transport industry; organizational, methodological and financial unavailability of many enterprises of the transport industry for the implementation of innovative projects, etc. Considered the possibility of resolving many of them using digital technologies in order to implement the adopted on this issue of legal acts, Programs and decrees of the President. The authors assess the main digital investment projects implemented in the transport industry in terms of their impact on the financial performance of enterprises. The importance of establishing a business risk management system based on the information base and using modern methods of data processing, forecasting, evaluation and analysis is emphasized. The possibilities and risks of using cryptocurrencies and technologies of the distributed register, allowing: to replace intermediaries between users of currencies; to reduce transaction costs; to provide simplicity, speed and safety of cash payments; to use online platforms for investment of temporarily free funds in financial market instruments, are revealed.

Keywords: enterprises of the transport industry, digital innovation projects, systems of transport processes, monitoring of financial condition, information and financial services, financial resources, financial indicators, digital financial assets, risk management.

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