«Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobilno-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta (MADI)» | Number 4(51), December 2017

The article considers the difficulties of mastering the phonological and grammatical system of Russian language Arabic-speaking students. Russian language is quite complicated for learning the Arabic language media, as it applies to inflected languages as Arabic – fusional-agglutinative. Justified difficulties in differentiating the vowel [a]-[u], [a]-[e], the pronunciation of the accented syllables in Russian words, moving stress, the development of paired consonants, the speed of reading Russian words. The authors describe the difficulties faced by Arabic-speaking learners associated with playing words with consonants that are combined in the middle of a word. In this case, Arabic-speaking listeners involuntarily separated consonants Polyglossum, resulting in an additional syllable. Special attention is paid to articulation of Russian soft consonants, as well as the reflection of these mistakes in the letter. It is noted that an intermediate position of Arabic in morphological classification of languages facilitates the process of studying the grammatical structure of Russian language. The author traces peculiarities of the perception of Arabic-speaking students in the categories of number, gender, case, animate/inanimate. In particular, it noted the absence in the Arabic language as the neuter, a smaller number of cases, the use of verbs with certain prepositions. All this while mastering the grammatical system of Russian language is a potential area of linguistic interference for the Arabic-language media.

Keywords:   differentiation of sound units, the articulating apparatus, reduction, interference, morphological classification of the inflectional-agglutinative language, inflectional language, "mirror" languages.

References:

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Keywords: car, autonomous wheeled vehicle, advanced emergency braking system, AEBS, testing, certification, implementation.

References

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4. Proposal for amendments to Regulation No. 79 to include ACSF > 10 km/h (Informal Document: ACSF-05-03), https://wiki.unece.org/download/attachments/29229510/ACSF-05-03%20%20%28D%2BJ%29%20Proposal%20based%20on%20ACSF-04-20.pdf?api=v2
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References

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In automobile gasoline engine fuel-air mixture are ignitions from electric spark. Besides main ignition function, spark may be application and for skips combustion diagnostics.
It is possible to find skips combustion by the way of registration the presence of the breakdown between spark-plugs electrode during the supply of the additional control pulses of the spark discharge on the sparkplug in the process of expansion. The method of diagnostics is based on the direct dependence of pressure and temperature in the cylinder of engine on presence or absence of the process of combustion.
The developed device ensures the presence of the control spark discharge between spark-plugs electrode in the case of the absence of combustion in the cylinder and their absence in the case of the presence of combustion. The diagnostics of normal combustion is conducted according to the fact of the absence of spark discharge, and the skip of combustion – on the presence of discharge.
The tests conducted showed that in all investigated regimes of the work of engine from the idling to the full loads and with a change of the clearance in the spark plug from 0.6 to 1.0 mm the device reliably registrates the presence of the skips of combustion.

References

1. Dubinin A.I. Puti resheniia energoekologicheskikh problem v avtotransportnom komplekse, Tezisy dokladov, Moscow, 2005, p. 82.
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The identified complex of unacceptable deficiencies in the normative and design loads A14 and N14 for road bridge structures, contained in the current GOST 32960 - 2014, is indicated in the introduction to the article.
The purpose of the work is to eliminate the identified economic and scientific shortcomings of the current normative loads A14 and N14 on the basis of developing proposals for establishing the composition of regulatory columns or normative vehicles from practically real vehicles that can move on roads with different traffic intensities for various functional purposes. At the same time, it is necessary to create adequate analogues in the form of equivalent loads with known for all their connection with the length and shape of the lines of influence of force and deformation factors in the elements of bridge structures.
In the main part of the article, in 14 points, the detailed description of the previously published concept and the methodology for the formation of standard physically and statistically valid and economically expedient normative and design loads on road bridge structures, based on the use of statistical data on the composition of vehicles in the Russian Federation, taking into account the prospects for their development. The role of customers of road and bridge projects (economic entities), when selecting them from the proposed set of required regulatory loads, taking into account the predicted economic and social activity in the road and bridge construction zone, was noted.

References

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Abstract.

The article examines the prerequisites for the specification of the strength characteristics of unbound stone materials for subbase layers pavement design and construction by using dry bound macadam or stone sand mixtures. In the article it is noted that only a few studies are devoted to the problems of accumulation of permanent deformation in the unbound stone materials subbase layers. Nowadays, the unbound stone materials subbase layers are arranged by two established technologies, which have practically not changed. It is noted that each method has certain advantages and disadvantages both in the construction of layers and in their further work during the service life. In recent years, the composition of the traffic flow has dramatically changed, the loads affecting the traffic have increased, the list of regulatory documents has changed. The article elaborated and proposed some amendments and changes to the regulatory and technical base that affect the characteristics of unbound stone materials in order to determine which of the above technologies for the arrangement of subbase layers will be more preferable under certain conditions of construction and subsequent operation of the highway and how each of them will contribute to the appearance of permanent deformation.

Keywords: pavement, resilent modulus, unbound stone material, dry bound macadam, stone sand mixtures, subbase layer, bearing resistance, cementation.

References

1. Kanygina, S.YU. Prognozirovaniye ostatochnykh deformatsiy dorozhnykh odezhd nezhestkogo tipa na zemlyanom polotne iz glinistykh gruntov (Prediction of residual deformations of non-rigid type road clothes on earthen linen from clay soils), Doctor’s thesis, MADI, Moscow, 1999, 226 p.
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Abstract.

The article discusses the question of the normal functioning of international roads, as an important direction of work of the international transport corridors to improve conditions for socio-economic growth and security in Azerbaijan. In recent years, international roads, increasing traffic volume, axle load and car speed to be taken into account when designing road structures roads.
Based on accepted concept of "eternal" road clothes, where is the idea of the design of the pavement and subgrade so that within 30-50 years to rebuild only the upper layers of the pavement.
The result of the research recommended fundamental solutions for the development of road structures in the design of international roads, taking into account the category of roads and their lifespan. These innovations allow for the calculation and design of road pavement of non-rigid type is more reasonable to assign their thickness and to optimize the design as a whole.

Keywords: climatic conditions, road pavement, road-climatic zoning.

References

1. Ahmedov K.M. Sovremennye konstrukcii dorozhnyh odezhd (dlya uslovij Azerbajdzhana) [Modern construction of road clothes (for the conditions of Azerbaijan)], Moscow, MPK, 2012, 287 p.
2. Ahmedov K.M., Karimov B.B. Mezhdunarodnye avtomobil'nye dorogi (International Roads), Moscow, Intransdornauka, 2013, 398 p.
3. Ahmedov K.M. Konstrukcii nezhestkih dorozhnyh odezhd dlya mezhdunarodnyh dorog v usloviyah narastayushchih nagruzok (dlya uslovij Azerbajdzhana) [The construction of non-rigid road clothes for international roads in conditions of increasing loads (for the conditions of Azerbaijan)], Saarbrucken, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2014, 92 p.
4. Busel A.V. Gosudarstvenno-chastnoe partnerstvo i perspektivy v stranah SNG, Sbornik statei, Moscow, Bishkek, 2006, pp. 106-109.
5. Garaisaev N.M., Piriev YA.M., Dzhafarov F.M., Baharchinov I.G. Puti resheniya problem dorozhnoj otrasli SNG, Sbornik statei, Omsk, 2010, pp. 25-29.
6. Garaisaev N.M., Piriev YA.M., Dzhafarov F.M., Baharchinov I.G. Puti resheniya problem dorozhnoj otrasli SNG, Sbornik statei, Omsk, 2010, pp. 49-51.
7. Aliev A.M., Gurbanov D.G. Dorogi Sodruzestva Nezavisimich Gosudarstv, 2012, no. 5, pp. 61-69.
8. Evgen'ev I.E. Avtomobil'nye dorogi v okruzhayushchej srede (Roads in the environment), Moscow, ООО "Transdornauka", 1997, 285 p.
9. Karimov B.B., Aliev K.A. Dorogi Azerbajdzhana: sostoyanie i perspektivy (Roads of Azerbaijan: state and prospects), Moscow, Intransdornauka, 2012, 373 p.
10. Busel A.V., Smykovskij A.I. Mezhdunarodnie transportnie koridory, Sbornik statei, Baku, 2008, pp. 46-51.

Abstract. When motor transportation of small consignments should in conditions of large urban agglomerations be considered legal restrictions on the movement of trucks in the locations of the consignees, and the technological abilities of consignees receiving goods. The application of the classical technology transportation of small consignments of goods subject to such restrictions and capabilities leads to an increase in mileage and time working on routes, increase the number of used vehicles and, as a consequence, the increase in cost of operations, the likelihood of road congestion and lower average speeds, increased emissions of harmful substances from excessive for transport of goods motor vehicles and increase fuel consumption. This article offers technology transportation of small consignments as an alternative classic, to ensure the efficient operation of vehicles upon delivery of the goods to the specified consignees, classified conditions, in which it is preferable to apply the proposed alternative technologies for transporting small consignments of goods. The possibilities of the proposed models for the organization of transportation of small lots of goods by road transport are demonstrated in comparison with the classical model using specific examples.

Keywords: road transport freight transportation, restriction of movement of trucks, transportation of small consignments, transportation of goods through the transfer points.

References

1. Ob ogranichenii dvizheniya gruzovogo avtotransporta v gorode Moskve i priznanii utrativshimi silu otdel'nyh pravovyh aktov Pravitel'stva Moskvy. Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Moskvy ot 22.08.2011 N 379-PP (On limiting the movement of cargo vehicles in the city of Moscow and the recognition of invalidated certain legal acts of the Moscow Government. Resolution of the Government of Moscow of 22.08.2011 no. 379-PP), Moscow, 2016.
2. Prosov S.N. Evristicheskie modeli marshrutizatsii perevozok gruzov melkopartionnymi otpravkami (Heuristic models of routing cargo shipments by small-batch shipments), Moscow, MADI (GTU), 2008, 31 p.
3. Moroz D.G., Prosov S.N. Avtotransportnoe predpriyatie, 2014, no. 5, pp. 47-49.
4. Atrohov N.A. Avtomatizatsiya i upravlenie v tekhnicheskih sistemah, 2014, no. 3 (11), pp. 140-149.
5. Atrohov N.A., Andronnikova L.N. Avtomatizatsiya i upravlenie v tekhnicheskih sistemah, 2015, no. 2 (14), pp. 73-82.

The authors of the work cite the changes that have taken place in recent years in international trade and the organization of its international freight flows. They point to a change in priorities in interregional and international relations, changing the structure of logistical flows that need transport services. They show the importance of multi- and intermodal container transportations and the features of their organization using the transport and communication capabilities of the south of Russia. Pay attention to the ecological and economic components during transportation, as well as the investment attractiveness of the development of alternative routes.

Keywords:  transportation, alternative routes, water transport, container, transport and communication infrastructure, fuel.

References:

1. Mirotin L.B., Fedoseenko S.M., Lebedev E.A., Suprun O.S. Byulleten' transportnoj informacii, 2016, no. 6, pp. 31-34
2. Mirotin L.B., Lebedev E.A. Logistika v avtomobil'nom transporte (Logistics in road transport), Rostov-on-Don, Fenix, 2015, 236 p.
3. Vershickij A.V., Salabutin A.V. Mezhdunarodnyj nauchno issledovatelskij zhurnal, 2017, no. 3-2 (57), pp. 66-68
4. Mirotin L.B., Fedoseenko S.M., Lebedev E.A., CHehovskaya E.E. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2016, no. 3 (46), pp. 73-77.
5. Gladkova N.O. Innovacionnaya nauka, 2016,
   no. 6-1, pp. 73-77
6. lyusarenko D.O., Medvedeva N.V. Materialy Ivanovskih chtenij, 2017, no. 2-2 (13), pp. 154-158
7. Mirotin L.B., Lebedev E.A. Sovremennyj transport: infrastruktura, innovacii, intellektual'nye sistemy, Sbornik trudov, 2015, no. 18, pp. 164-173.

Implemented in the RF federal targeted programs to improve road safety do not give the expected results. The federal target program for the period 2006-2012 was fulfilled by half, and the current Federal Target Program for 2013-2020 shows good results for other, more profound reasons. There is reason to believe that the problem of road safety is not well understood and this reduces the effectiveness of measures taken. Often the focus is on the study of individual road accidents and on this basis proposals are being developed to reduce them. At the same time, there are basic reasons for their appearance, which lie in the economic sphere and can influence the level of road accidents on a national scale. Along with single events, more attention should be paid to the common causes of accidents.

Keywords:  road traffic safety, road traffic accidents, causes of road accidents, economic crisis, accident dynamics, road safety improvement programs, safety, accessibility, efficiency.

References:

1. Federalnyiy zakon № 196-FZ ot 10 dekabrya 1995 goda «O bezopasnosti Dorozhnogo dvizheniya», http://base.garant.ru/10105643/
2. Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva RF ot 20 fevralya 2006 g. N 100 "O federal'noj celevoj programme "Povyshenie bezopasnosti dorozhnogo dvizheniya v 2006 - 2012 godah", http://www.garant.ru/hotlaw/federal/133910/
3. Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva RF ot 3 oktyabrya 2013 g. № 864 “O federal'noj celevoj programme "Povyshenie bezopasnosti dorozhnogo dvizheniya v 2013 - 2020 godah"”, http://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/70367076/
4. Safronov E.A., Safronov K.E., Semenova E.S. Razvitie dorozhno-transportnogo kompleksa i stroitel'noj infrastruktury na osnove racional'nogo prirodopol'zovaniya, Sbornik statei, Omsk: SibADI, 2012, Kn. 2, pp. 268-272.
5. Safronov E.A., Semenova E.S. Materialyi 63-y nauchno-tehnicheskoykonferentsii SibADI, Sbornik statei, Omsk: SibADI, 2009, Kn. 2, pp. 18-20.
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This article discusses the issue of providing acoustic safety near concrete roads. Concrete pavement, along with the positive properties have some disadvantages, in particular increased emissions of noise and vibration that creates a certain environmental stress along the roads.
For the quantitative evaluation of the ecological compatibility of applied technologies of construction of concrete roads was used the method of calculating the index of ecological quality, developed in Peterburgs University of communications and also was conducted monitoring of the environmental situation, for which data were used, Beldornii on the assessment of noise along roads, carried out during 2006-2013.
Currently, the most promising technology of the concrete placing device is a two-layer coating, the top layer of which is made of porous concrete. Thus is solved the problem of reducing noise and preventing aquaplaning of the wheels in the rain.
Striations on the coating in the process of operation, wear in winter road maintenance and application of sand-salt mixtures, grooves and porous concrete become clogged with sand, which of them virtually extracted, which indicates the decrease in the efficiency of absorption and dispersion of sound.

Keywords:  noise, road, concrete, construction, environment.

References:

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2. Vojlokov I.A., Gorshkov A.S. StrojPROFIl', 2008, no. 6 (68), pp. 23-26.
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10. Volkov V.S., Butorin T.A., Filatov G.M. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya, 2013, no. 5, p. 42.
11. Lange YU.G. Primenenie poristogo (dreniruyushchego) cementobetona pri stroitel'stve sloev dorozhnoj odezhdy. Obzornaya informaciya (Application of porous (draining) cement concrete in the construction of layers of pavement. Overview information), Moscow, 2007, issue 6, 88 p.