Московский автомобильно-дорожный государственный технический университет (МАДИ)  «Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobilno-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta (MADI)» | Number 1(52), March 2018

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Abstract:

Under conditions of rising normative requirements to vehicle operation, the elaboration of car quality assessment upon certain criteria becomes a critical task. Scientific approach necessitates decision to be taken upon not one but rather several efficiency indicators. Auto-transport enterprises (ATP) operation shows that depending on type of works, freight, etc., in general, there must be not only an obligatory priority of a number of criteria in the car choice but also analysis of differentiated values of relative significance coefficients against the determined efficiency level. For example, it is the case when several characteristics must be taken into account at a time, when each one of them is defined through the scope of their own characteristics and the realization process must be optimized. In this instance, balanced values of relative significance coefficients must be obtained  in accordance with the target. The article puts forward an approach based upon zoning method which implies compliance of hierarchical correlation between probabilities of possible states of environment. The novelty of the research is that analytical tools of determining the weight of criterion is formalized, meaning that these tools are unbiased in terms of calculating the weight of particular criterion in each particular decision. 

Keywords:

choice of car, zoning method, vector optimization, weight coefficients, decision-making technique, multi-objective problem, decision’s efficiency.

References:

1. Terent'ev A.V., Afanas'ev A.S., Kacuba YU.N. Obosnovanie racional'nogo sroka sluzhby avtomobilej (Justification of the rational life of cars: a monograph), St. Petersburg, Svoe izdatel'stvo, 2017, 148 p.
2. Dolina O.N., ZHidkova M.A., SHpil'kina T.A., Ahmetzhanova EH.U. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2017, issue 2 (49),
   pp. 22-28.
3. Nekrasov A.G., Belyaev V.M., Mirotin L.B., Volkov V.D., Spirin I.V. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2017, issue 1 (48),
   pp. 3-12.
4. Boldin A.P., Aksyonov P.V. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2017, issue
   1 (48), pp. 27-34.
5. Faskhiev H.A., Garifovetody A.G. Metody ocenki i vybora gruzovyh avtomobilej, http://pandia.ru/889360/
6. Saati T. Prinyatie reshenij. Metod analiza ierarhij (Making decisions. Method for analyzing hierarchies), Moscow, Radio i svyaz', 1993, 278 p.
7. Belogreben' A.A., Ulickaya N.M., Ulickaya I.M. Transportnoe delo Rossii, 2016, no. 1, pp. 14-19
8. Sokolov V.G. Avtomobil'. Doroga. Infrastruktura, 2017, no. 2 (12), p. 2. 
9. Terent'ev A.V., Tarasov I.V., Terent'eva V.A. EHkonomika i menedzhment sistem upravleniya, 2016, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 46-50.
10. Prudovskij B.D. Vestnik grazhdanskih inzhenerov, 2015, no. 2 (49), pp. 154-159.
11. Tihomirova A.N., Sidorenko E.V. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya, 2012, no. 2,p. 261.
12. Mushik EH., Myuller P.Metody prinyatiya tekhnicheskih reshenij (Methods of making technical decisions), Moscow, Mir, 1990, 208 p.
13. Nekrasov A. Logistika, 2016, no. 4 (113),pp. 16-21.
14. Mel'nikova T.E., Mel'nikov S.E., Efimenko D.B. Avtotransportnoe predpriyatie, 2015, no. 6,pp. 3-6.

Abstract:

The article describes the existing system of urban passenger transport in the city of Dushanbe. The interrelation between the economic development of the city of Dushanbe, the improvement of the transport infrastructure, and the improvement of the quality of passenger transportation by road are shown. Passenger transport is one of the most important branches of life support of the city, on the functioning of which the quality of life of the population depends, the efficiency of the branches of the city's economy and the possibility of using its economic potential. The sustainable development of large cities largely depends on the efficient operation of the transport system. The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of passenger transport in the city of Dushanbe are given. It is noted that the main part of the fleet consists of Russian-made buses such as: LiAZ-5256, LiAZ-5256.53, PAZ-32054, Gazel-3211, PAZ-320402-05. At the same time, such buses as Ikarus-280.33 are also in operation. There are buses of Chinese production - King Long 6750 and minibuses of Korean manufacture - Hyundai Starex. An urgent need to update the bus fleet has been identified. The age structure and problems of writing off the vehicles carrying out passenger transportation in the motor transport enterprises of the city of Dushanbe of the Republic of Tajikistan are considered. There is an increase in the number of vehicles, indicating the processes of active motorization of the urban population. A histogram of the park distribution according to age groups is given, taking into account the service life of buses. It is pointed out that it is necessary to manage the age structure of the park, which will allow to optimize operating costs when carrying out passenger transportation by buses in the city of Dushanbe.

References:

1. Toshev Dzh.SH. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2017, issue 3 (50), pp. 26-30.
2. Transport i svyaz' Respubliki Tadzhikistan (Transport and communication of the Republic of Tajikistan), Dushanbe, Agentstvо po statistike pri Prezidente Respubliki Tadzhikistan, 2016, 42 p.
3. Kuznecov E.S., Boldin A.P., V.M. Vlasov, Kovalenko V.G., Maksimov V.A., Postolit A.B., Vasil’ev V.A., Voronov V.P., Zimanov L.L., Konin I.V., Kon’kov V.A., Muravkina G.Sh., Pankratov N.P., Panov Yu.V., Solntsev A.A., Frolov Yu.N., Haziev A.A., YAnchevskij V.A.  Tekhnicheskaya ehkspluataciya avtomobilei (Technical operation of cars), Moscow, Nauka, 2001, 535 p.
4. Toshev Dzh.SH., Rementsov A.N., Zenchenko V.A. Gruzovik, 2017, no. 12, pp. 23-28.
5. Maksimov V.A. Haziev A.A., Osobennosti upravleniia tehnichesko ekspluatacie gorodskih avtobusov (Features of management of technical operation of city buses), Moscow, MADI, 2002, 97 p.
6. Rementsov A.N. Toshev Dzh.SH. Problemy tekhnicheskoj ehkspluatacii i avtoservisa podvizhnogo sostava avtomobil'nogo transporta, Sbornik nauchnyh trudov, Moscow, Tekhpoligrafcentr, 2017, pp. 218-224.
7. Rementsov A.N., Toshev Dzh.SH. Gruzovik, 2015, no. 7, pp. 43-48.
8. Rementsov A.N., Toshev Dzh.SH., Husejnov H.B. Problemy tekhnicheskoi ehkspluatacii i avtoservisa podvizhnogo sostava avtomobil'nogo transporta, Sbornik nauchnyh trudov, Moscow, Tekhpoligrafcentr, 2018, pp. 178-185.
9. Zimanov L.L., Sorokin S.N., Pozhivilov N.V. Gruzovik, 2016, no. 7, pp. 32-34.
10. Maksimov V.A., Mihajlov A.V., Molozhavcev O.V., Nazarov A.A. Gruzovik, 2016, no. 7, pp. 35-38.
11. Maksimov V.A., YUrkovskij I.M., Haziev A.A., Postolit A.V., Ahmetzhanova EH.U. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2017, no. 3 (50), pp. 52-61.
12. YAkubovich A.N., YAkubovich I.A. Gruzovik, 2017, no. 11, pp. 43-47.
13. Maksimov V.A., Pozhivilov N.V., Pavlij YA.A., CHoklya A.V. Gruzovik, 2017, no. 8, pp. 10-13.

Abstract:
The relevance of operational informing the driver on technical condition of the generator caused need of improvement of methods of diagnosing, one of which is the method based on assessment of a thermal condition of the generator. The purpose of article consists in establishment of dependence of change of a thermal condition of the automotive alternator on climatic and operational factors which can be applied further to operational diagnosing of a node. The leading method to a research of this problem is temperature measurement of a surface of the generator on the car, at maintenance of current intensity of consumers and speed of the car at the set level at a continuous temperature of an ambient air. The method allows establishing dependence of change of temperature at influence of these factors. The main result of a research is the regression model of a thermal condition of the generator allowing defining influence of separate factors on generator surface temperature with high degree of reliability. Materials of article can be useful at development of the system of the automated assessment of technical condition of the automotive alternator on the basis of the analysis of its thermal state.

Keywords: thermal state, automotive alternator, regression model.

References:

1. Dorokhina E. S. Monitoring teplovogo sostojanija asinhronnyh tjagovyh jelektrodvigatelej (Monitoring of a thermal condition of asynchronous traction electric motors), Candidate of Technical Sciences, Tomsk, TPU, 2015, 155 p.
2. Puzakov A.V., Filatov M.I., Osaulko Ya.Yu. Put' nauki, 2017, No. 7 (41). pp. 19-23.
3. Puzakov A.V., Osaulko Ya.Yu. Aktual'nye napravlenija nauchnyh issledovanij XXI veka: teorija i praktika, 2017, vol. 5, no. 6 (32), pp. 225-229.
4. Puzakov A.V., Osaulko Ya.Yu. Problemy issledovanija sistem i sredstv avtomobil'nogo transporta, Sbornik statei, Tula, TulGU, 2017, pp. 41-47.
5. Puzakov A.V., Filatov M.I., Larionov N.N. Nauchnoe obozrenie, 2016, no. 10, pp. 118-130.
6. Shcherbatov V. V., Rapoport O.L., Tsukublin A.B. Izvestija Tomskogo politehnicheskogo universiteta, 2005, vol. 308, no. 7, pp. 156-159.
7. Chen M.-K. Thermal effect of stator winding to the vehicle alternator, Proceeding of International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS 2007, Seoul, 2007, pp. 1041-1045. DOI: 10.1109/ICEMS.2007.4411962
8. Dan Hagstedt. Comparison of different electrical machines for Belt Driven Alternator Starters, Lund, 2013, p. 171.
9. Maloberti О., Gimeno А., Ospina А.; Friedrich G., Kadri Benkara K. El., Charbonnier L. Thermal modelling of a claw-pole car alternator: Steady-state computation and identification of free convection coefficients, Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2012 XXth International Conference on 2-5 Sept. 2012 Marseille, Francepp. 1888 – 1892.
10. Tang, S., Thomas A. Keim, David J. Perreault C. Thermal Modeling of Lundell Alternators, IEEE Transactions on energy conversion, 2005, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 25-36.

Abstract:
The article is devoted to the issue of using the existing equipment of Wi-Fi bus parks to transmit video information, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the transmission and processing of information received via video channels. The goal, tasks, the composition of the equipment involved in the experiment, the methodology and especially the results of the on-site experiment conducted on the basis of the enterprises of the SUE "Passazharavtotrans" are described in the article. Based on the results of the experiment, the impact of the use of Wi-Fi equipment for the transmission of video information on the stability of the information interaction of wireless equipment of the electronic control system of travel was assessed. The experiment allowed to test the possibility of using traffic prioritization tools for the transmission of video information or the data of the electronic control of travel system, and also confirmed the possibility of selective dual use of installed Wi-Fi routers for functionally different purposes in the process of enterprise management. The experiment made it possible to obtain not only technical data, but also to assess such other types of effects of the enterprise's activities. In the course of the experiment, it was confirmed that, against the backdrop of a lengthy information exchange on the transfer of video content, the on-board facilities of the electronic control of the passage system were registered and the elements of its network continued to interact regularly, and the quality and efficiency of the transmission did not change.

Keywords: vehicle, on-board equipment, Wi-Fi equipment, video information transmission, access point, impact assessment, traffic prioritization.

References:

1. Postanovlenie Pravitelstva Sankt-Peterburga 11.12.2015 goda №1115 «O sozdanii gosudarstvennoy informationnoy systemy Sankt-Peterburga «Kompleksnaya informationnaya systema upravleniya gorodskim i prigorodnuym passagirskim transportom v Sankt-Peterburge», http://docs.cntd.ru/document/822405502
2. Brusakova I.A., Budrin A.G., Budrina E.V., Borodulina S.A., Lebedeva A.S., Rogavichene L.I. Efficiency assessment of contactless fare payment technology implementation on public transport, Proceedings of 2017 20th IEEE International Conference on Soft Computing and Measurements, SCM 2017. 2017, pp. 796-798/
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5. Horev A.A. Zachita informazii. Insayid, 2011. No. 1 (37), pp. 22-32.
6. Tagirov V.K., Tagirova L.F., Kopyrulina O.A. Technicheskie nauki – ot teorii k praktike, 2015, no. 51, pp. 45-49.
7. Finkenzeller K. RFID Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards, Radio Frequency Identification and Near-Field Communication, Edition 3, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, 478 p.
8. Monet C., Roberds W. Optimal pricing of payment services, Monetary Economics, 2008, vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 1428–1440.

Abstract:

Studied the anticorrosive properties of magnetite coatings (MС) obtained in aqueous solutions of lithium tetraborate, sodium, potassium, amides: urea, thiourea and thiosemicarbazide, and mixtures thereof on the surface of the steel Article 10. The increase in the concentration of borates in their water solutions improves anti-corrosive properties of the formed MС. The best protection is provided when the concentration of borates 50–60 g/l. Found that the anticorrosive properties of MС formed in solutions of mixtures of tetraborate and amides are higher than properties of MС obtained in the solutions of the individual components. The greatest synergistic effect is achieved by the solution of tetraborate in the mixture with urea. The introduction of a mixture of lithium tetraborate with urea in the ratio 1:1 and a concentration of 50 g/l leads to a sharp decrease in corrosion activity of the environment. The results of fatigue and corrosion-fatigue tests of steel Article 10 confirm that the presence of a mixture of lithium tetraborate and urea in 3% sodium chloride solution increases cyclic strength of steel, and in good agreement with the results of the electrochemical studies. The investigated compounds are predominantly inhibitors of the anodic action. Oiling the MP increases its protective properties and increases durability of motor vehicles.

Keywords: motor vehicles, atmospheric corrosion, magnetite coating, corrosion inhibitor, synergetic effect, cyclic strength of steel.

References:

1. Petrova L.G., Aleksandrov V.A., Malahov A.YU., Perekrestov A.E. Uprochnyayushchie tekhnologii i pokrytiya, 2015, no. 3 (123), pp. 37-43.
2. Ivonin V.N., Kuznecov Yu.I., Vershok D.B., Golovin V.A., Din' Van Dam, Karpov V.A. Korroziya: materialy, zashchita, 2008, no. 6, pp. 41-43.
3. Fadeev I.V., Polovnyak V.K., Eremeeva S.S., Sadetdinov Sh.V. Nauchno-tehnicheskiy vestnik Povolzhya, 2015, no. 3, pp. 19-24.
4. Tkachev K.V., Plyishevskiy Yu.S. Tehnologiya neorganicheskih soedineniy bora (Technology of inorganic boron compounds), Leningrad, Himiya, 1983, 208 p.
5. Grushko Ya.M. Vrednyie neorganicheskie soedineniya v promyishlennyih stochnyih vodah (Harmful inorganic compounds in industrial wastewater), Leningrad, Himiya, 1979, 160 p.
6. Sinel'nikov A.F. Vse materialy. EHnciklopedicheskij spravochnik, 2015, no. 11, pp. 75-78.
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8. Luk'yanova N.V., Men'shikov I.A., Shein A.B. Nauka Rossii: celi i zadachi, Sbornik nauchnykh trudov, Ekaterinburg, NIC "L-ZHurnal", 2017,
   pp. 5-13.
9. Fadeev I.V., Rementsov A.N., Sadetdinov Sh.V. Gruzovik, 2016, no. 12, pp. 15-20.
10. Fadeev I.V., Rementsov A.N., Sadetdinov Sh.V. Avtotransportnoe predpriyatie, 2015, no. 2,pp. 46-50.

Аннотация
В статье рассматривается вариант моделирования поведения водителя в системе «водитель – машина», оценивается влияние составляющих системы на управляемость машины и обосновывается необходимость упреждающих действий в связи с задержками в системе.

Ключевые слова:
динамическая модель, система «водитель – машина», психофизиологические характеристики водителя, система автоматического регулирования, моделирование поведения водителя.

Список литературы:

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Abstract:

The question of the thermal state of the hydropneumatic springs plays an important role in the establishment and operation of modern equipment. Among the main internal heat sources leading role played by the throttling of the working fluid through the absorber and the heat generated from the friction forces in the sealing elements pairs of reciprocating motion. To determine the magnitudes of the friction forces experimental investigation of the characteristics of the hydropneumatic springs modern high-speed tracked vehicles. The frequency of loading the springs was set in the range from 0.08 to 3.22 rad/s, which corresponded to a speed of motion of a caterpillar on a sinusoidal profile in the velocity range from 4 to 20 m/s. Analysis of performance allowed us to estimate the magnitude and character of changes of friction forces in seals depending on the mode of loading. The experimental data formed the basis for the calculation of the amount of heat released in the seals of the hydropneumatic springs when it is working in the composition of suspension during the motion of a caterpillar track on a tank. The obtained experimental and computational results of the study can be applied for integrated assessment of the thermal state hydro-pneumatic spring as at the design stage and in operation

Keywords: the hydropneumatic spring, the work force of friction, experiment.

References:

1. Babaev A. V., Birjukov Ju. A. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2016, issue 2(49), pp. 47–52.
2. Tipovaya metodika po opredeleniyu plavnosti khoda bronetankovogo vooruzheniya i tekhniki (The most common technique for determining the smoothness of armored vehicles), Moscow, GUP 38 NII, 2006, 60 p.
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4. Kondakov L.A., Golubev A.I., Gordeev V.V., Ovander V.B., Furmanov V.A., Karmugin B.V. Uplotnenija i uplotnitel'naja tehnika (Seals and sealing technology), Moscow, Mashinostroenie, 1994, 448 p.
5. Dmitriev A. A., Chobitok V. A., Tel'minov A. V. Teorija i raschet nelinejnyh sistem podressorivanija gusenichnyh mashin (The theory and analysis of nonlinear suspension system of tracked vehicles), Moscow, Mashinostroenie, 1976, 210 p.

Abstract. For the successful creation and implementation of impact machines, it is necessary to study the dynamics of work processes, to determine the rational parameters and to form the basis for justified design solutions for hydraulic hammers, manipulators and drives. The problem of determining the rational parameters of a hydraulic breaker is considered in the article. The aim of the work is to increase the efficiency of hydraulic impact devices based on theoretical studies of kinematics and dynamics of the working cycle using the developed mathematical model. The task of the research is to develop a mathematical model of a hydraulic hammer with a controlled chamber of the working stroke and a differential inclusion of the striker, taking into account the features of functioning, kinematics and dynamics of the working cycle. The choice of rational regime and design parameters of hydraulic shock devices at the design stage plays an important role and can be carried out both experimentally and analytically. The basis of the calculation technique is the results of theoretical and experimental studies. The development of a mathematical model for choosing rational parameters of a hydraulic breaker is based on the use of the fundamental laws of physics and mechanics. The characteristics obtained make it possible to choose a rational ratio of regime and design parameters depending on the given quality criteria of the device under study.

Keywords: impulse system, hydraulic hammer, working body, highly mobile machine, calculation, parameters, methodology, mathematical model.

References:

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Abstract:

The article suggests a method of design selection of the robot manipulator drive taking into account the given environmental parameters: at the operating air temperature during operation in the range from -50℃ to + 50℃, as well as in the presence of radioactive radiation from 1.9 to 2.2 microsievert per hour and a specified load capacity of up to 20 kg, a typical design of the robot manipulator is shown, characteristic failures of various drive types are identified, the main subjective and objective factors affecting the reliability of the drive are identified, the determination of the reliability of the robot manipulator drive on the basis of the calculation of the probability of failure-free operation and known developments in the failure of the basic elements of the subsystems are derived analytically valid parameters of the drive, as well as a comparison of the probability of failure-free operation of the hydraulic and pneumatic type a.

Keywords: robot manipulator, hydraulic drive, pneumatic drive, time between failures, operating temperature, radiation, load capacity, probability of failure-free operation.

References:

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6. Kiselev A.P., Kroshennikov A.A. Osnovy himii (Fundamentals of Chemistry), St. Petersburg, Baltijskij gosudarstvennyj tekhnicheskij universitet, 2012, 338 p.
7. Marsova E.V., Kolbasin A.M., Kochetkov A.V., Astaf'ev M.A., Alhalush M.F., Makarov A.D. Internet-zhurnal Naukovedenie, 2015, vol. 7, no. 4, p. 85.
8. Gaevsky V.V., Odinokova I.V. Avtomobil'naya promyshlennost', 2017, no. 9, pp. 11-17.
9. Chudina K.S., Kuleshova N.A. Avtomatizaciya i upravlenie v tekhnicheskih sistemah, 2016, no. 3, URL: auts.esrae.ru/20-389
10. Kashkovsky V.V., Tikhiy I.I. Sovremennye tekhnologii. Sistemnyj analiz. Modelirovanie, 2016, no. 4 (52), pp. 143-150.

Abstract:
The article provides convincing arguments in favor of the need for an objective quantitative assessment of quality at enterprises engaged in the development or production of single, as well as innovative products; Profoundly analyzed are the benefits that managers of an organization receive from the application of quantitative methods of assessing quality; widely disclosed and outlined the role of expert methods for determining the nomenclature of quality indicators; present methods of processing expert data by statistical methods, which are accepted in the science of qualimetry; the methods used to evaluate the quality of products are analyzed; presented substantiated conclusions on the lack of an effective methodology for a sound quantitative assessment of the quality of a single or innovative product; presents the advantages and disadvantages of quality assessment through a comprehensive quality measure; The technique of definition of a complex indicator of quality of production is given; introduced the concept of an equivalent qualimetric index of product quality; Various methods for determining the equivalent qualimetric quality index are presented; the rationale for the use of equivalent qualimetric indicators for an objective quantitative assessment of the quality of a single or innovative product in the absence of a reference sample is provided; conclusions were drawn on the results of a study of the problem of objective quantitative quality assessment and practical recommendations on the application of quantitative quality assessment methods in organizations based on equivalent qualitative indicators are presented.

Keywords: qualimetry, quality, quality indicators, quantitative quality assessment.

References:

1. Nikitin N.I., Romanova Ye.YU. Chelovecheskiy capital, 2014, no. 6 (66), pp. 76–84.
2. Vinogradov L.V. Vestnik fakul'teta upravleniya SPbGEU, 2017, no. 1-1, pp. 13-16.
3. Gunin V.K. Teoriya i praktika obshchestvennogo razvitiya, 2015, no. 16, pp. 58–60.
4. Yegorov S.B., Loktev D.A., Kapitanov A.V., Mitrofanov V.G., Egorova T.P. Yevraziyskiy soyuz uchenykh, 2015, no. 5-3 (14), pp. 51-55.
5. Nedbay A.A., Merzlikina N.V. Osnovy kvalimetrii. Versiya 1.0 (Fundamentals of qualimetry. Version 1.0), Krasnoyarsk, IPK SFU, 2008, 126 p.
6. Kupriyanova O.A., Vlasov A.YU., Pasechnik K.A., Arzamaskina A.M. Sibirskij zhurnal nauki i tekhnologij, 2015, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 946-951.
7. Larin S.N., Lazareva L.YU., Larina T.S. Regional'naya ekonomika: teoriya i praktika, 2017, vol. 15, no. 6 (441), pp. 1187-1198.
8. Prizhigalinskaya T.N., Ternovskiy D.S., P'yankova M.G. Vestnik Belgorodskogo universiteta kooperatsii, ekonomiki i prava, 2016, no. 1 (57), pp. 9-15.
9. Kuznetsov S.YU. Gagarinskiye chteniya – 2017, Sbornik tezisov dokladov, Moscow, Moskovskiy aviatsionnyy institut (natsional'nyy issledovatel'skiy universitet), 2017, pp. 1215-1216.

Abstract:

According to the Specification concrete pavements are designed to serve a predicted number of load applications for twenty years at the lowest  possible initial and maintenance costs. The main criteria for design of concrete slabs thickness is cracking initiated by aircraft wheel gears and thermal stresses. Repeated loading from the traffic mixture is converted into a single design aircraft. The design aircraft is determined as the most damaging heavy airplane. All annual departures of the traffic mixture are converted to equivalent number of annual departures of the design aircraft. Thickness design Specification  reflect only a realistic degree of variation in flexural strength of concrete applying 95% confidence level and thermal stress  about 0,05-0,07 MPa considering its different signs during daily and night period and decrease due to sub-base restraint stress. Existing procedure do ignores stochastic nature of other main variables: aircraft takeoff weight, airplane traffic wander, in situ slab thickness, elastic modulus of concrete, modulus of subgrade reaction and climatic inputs causing thermal bending moments in the concrete and probability of its combined effect with bending moment in slab under traffic loadings expected from specific volume of mixed traffic and its distribution pattern.

Keywords: airport, concrete, pavement, airport, wheel load, temperature, reliability.

References:

1. Airdromes. Actualizirovannaya redakcia SNiP 32-03-96, SP 121.13330.2012 (Airfields. The actualized edition. Construction Norms and Regulations 32-03-96, Set of rules 121.13330.2012), Moscow, OOO «Analitik», 2012, 98 p.
2. Bolotin V.V. Primenenie metodov teorii veroyatnostej i teorii nadezhnosti v raschetah sooruzhenij (Application of methods of probability and reliability theories in calculations of constructions), Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1971, 255 p.
3. Vinogradov A.P. Aktual'nye voprosy proektirovaniya stroitel'stva i ehkspluatacionnyh zdanij, sooruzhenij aehroportov, Sbornik trudov, Moscow, Aehroproekt, 2009. pp. 15-23.
4. Vinogradov A.P. Raschet, konstruirovanie, ocenka zhestkih pokrytij aehrodromov s uchetom zadannoj dolgovechnosti (Calculation of design, evaluation airfield rigid pavement airfields based on the specific longevity), Moscow, Svetlica, 2014, 148 p.
5. Vinogradov A.P. Nadezhnost' i sertifikaciya prochnosti cementobetonnyh pokrytij aehrodromov (Reliability and certification strength of cement concrete pavements of airfields), Moscow, Irmast, 1994, 125 p.
6. Stepushin. A.P. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2017, issue 1 (48),
   pp. 84-89.
7. Stepushin. A.P. Nauka i tekhnika v dorozhnoj otrasli, 2013, no. 3 (66), pp. 16-19.
8. Stepushin. A.P. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2016, no. 4 (47),
   pp. 98-102.
9. Saburenkova. V.A. Nauka i technika v dorozhnoj otrasli, 2013, no. 3 (66), pp. 22-25.
10. Saburenkova. V.A. Nauka i technika v dorozhnoj otrasli, 2013, no.4 (67), pp. 32-34.
11. Tatarinov V.V., Fomin A.V. Avtomobil'. Doroga. Infrastruktura, 2017, no. 4 (14), P. 4.
12. Korochkin A.V. Dorogi i mosty, 2015, vol. 1, no. 33, pp. 98-104.
13. Saburenkova V.A. Nauka i tekhnika v dorozhnoj otrasli, 2015, no. 4 (74), pp. 28-31.
14. Lugov S.V., Kalyonova E.V. Nauka i tekhnika v dorozhnoj otrasli, 2016, no. 1 (75), pp. 11-14.

Abstract:

  At present, in the largest cities of the world, the underground infrastructure is rapidly developing, providing for the expansion of the subway network, road transport and communal tunnels, parking lots, etc. When the construction of parallel tunnels (the double-tunnels is at the same horizontal position or different angles of the connecting line of the two tunnels center with the horizontal lane, or tunnels with vertical alignment) in soft soils caused the destruction of the soil, the foundation of the buildings near the tunnels. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the state of stress-deformation of the system “ground massive – two parallel tunnels” in the excavation and exploitation process. In this paper predicted ground surface settlement when the construction of two parallel tunnels constructed shield method. Considering the influence the relative position and construction sequence on the ground surface settlement in the construction process. Finite element method is used in this study with PLAXIS 3D software.

Keywords: tunnels, ground surface settlement, mathematical model, finite element method, PLAXIS 3D TUNNEL software.

References:

1. Makovskiy L.V. Proektirovanie avtodorozhnyh i gorodskih tonnelej (Design of road tunnels and urban), Moscow, Transport, 1993, 352 p.
2. Bulychev P.S. Mekhanika podzemnyh sooruzhenij (Mechanics of underground structures), Moscow, Nedra, 1994, 382 p.
3. Fotieva, N.N., Voronina, I.YU. Izvestiya TulGU. Nauki o Zemle, 2015, no. 3, pp. 125–134.
4. Makovski L.V., Dinh V.T Nauka i tekhnika v dorozhnoj otrasli, 2017, no. 3 (81), pp. 21-23.
5. Makovskiy L.V., Dinh V.T. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobilno-dorojnogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2017, issue
   2 (49), pp. 70-76.
6. Chehade F.H., Shahrour I. Numerical analysis of the interaction between twin-tunnels: Influence of the relative position and construction procedure, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2008, vol. 23, pp. 210–214.
7. Chakeri H, Hasanpour R, Hindistan. M.A., Unver B. Analysis of interaction between tunnels in soft ground by 3D numerical modeling, Bull Eng Geol Environ, 2011, vol. 70, – pp. 439–448.
8. Moldovan A.R., Popa A. Finite element modelling for tunneling excavation, Civil Engineering & Architecture, 2012, vol. 1, pp. 98–113.
9. Ocak I. A new approach for estimating the transverse surface settlement curve for twin tunnels in shallow and soft soils, Environmental Earth Sciences, 2014, vol. 72, issue 76, pp. 2357–2367.
10. Salam S. Abdel, Ata Alaa, Shaalan Osman, Hammad Nadia. Modeling of TBM Tunnel Construction for the Greater Cairo Metro Line 3, International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology, 2015, vol. 4, issue 10, pp. 18–24.

Abstract:

In the article are given some cases facing the necessity of determining the length of inaccessible lines between the given points, as well as the horizontal and vertical positions of characteristic points of the adjoining terrain during the preliminary surveying and construction of different linear engineering structures.  Are used considerably rational geodesic schemes for the solution of given problems and given the necessary methods and techniques for performing linear and angular measurements in their context, based on the principles of applied geodesy. In each specific case, the necessary algorithms of performing linear and angular measurements are provided, indicated the corresponding mathematical relations and derived the necessary calculation formulas taking into account the methods of observing the required accuracy of linear and angular measurements for controlling the results obtained. The results of an experimental verification of adequacy of the developed method are presented. Are described the purpose and implementation field of the developed method for determining the distance of inaccessible lines and the horizontal and vertical positions of characteristic points of inaccessible terrain for geodetic support during surveying and construction of linear engineering structures. 

Keywords: horizontal and vertical position, inaccessible line, baseline method, geodesic scheme, characteristic points, topographic survey. 

References:

1. nisimov, Vl.A., Makarova S.V. Inzhenernaja geodezija (Engineering geodesy), Habarovsk, Izdatel’stvo DVGUPS, 2009, 150 p.
2. Kougija V.A., Gruzinov V.V., Malkovskij O.N., Petrov V.D. Geodezicheskie raboty pri stroitel'stve mostov (Geodetic works in the construction of bridges), Moscow, Nedra, 1986, 248 p.
3. Durnev A.I. Sistemy postroenija geodezicheskih setej (Systems for constructing geodetic networks), Moscow, Geodezizdat, 1952, 249 p.
4. Kljushin E.B., Kisilev M.E., Mihelev D.Sh., Fel'dman V.D. Inzhenernaja geodezija (Engineering geodesy), Moscow, Akademija, 2010, 496 p.
5. Mepurishvili G.E., Barysheba M.N., Mazhuga O.D. Rukovodstvo po uchebnoj geodezicheskoj praktike (A Handbook on educational geodetic practice), Moscow, MADI, 1974, 139 p.
6. Sud'in M.I. Inzhenerno-geodezicheskie zadachi pri izyskanijah i stroitel'stve transportnyh sooruzhenij (Engineering and geodetic tasks in the exploration and construction of transport facilities), Moscow, MADI, 1988, 93 p.
7. Fedotov G.A. Inzhenernaja geodezija (Engineering geodesy), Moscow, Vysshay shkola, 2009, 463 p.
8. Fedotov G.A. Geodezicheskie raboty pri izyskanijah i stroitel'stve avtomobil'nyh dorog, mostov i tonnelej (Geodetic works in the exploration and construction of highways, bridges and tunnels), Moscow, MADI, 1987, 67 p.
9. Fedotov G.A., Neretin A.A. Osnovy ajerogeodezii i inzhenerno-geodezicheskie raboty v stroitel'stve (Fundamentals of aerogeodesy and engineering-geodetic works in construction), Moscow, Izdatel'skij centr «Akademija», 2012, 272 p.
10. Chandra, A.M. Higher Surveying, New Delhi, New Age International, 2005, 408 p. 
11. Fedotov G.A. Inzhenernaja geodezija (Engineering geodesy), Moscow, INFRA-M, 2016, 479 p.

Аbstract:

Coefficients of reduction are intended for transfer of a heterogeneous transport stream composition to the calculated load when assigning the required strength of pavements by the following criteria: allowed elastic deflection, shear resistance and bending tensile. However, at present, the reduction factors specified in the regulations for the design of pavements have incorrect values for the heaviest vehicles. The resulting errors in the design of road clothes lead to a reduction in their service lives and an increase in the costs of maintaining the carriageway. The correctness of determining the coefficients of reduction to the calculated loads for lightweight and transitional road clothes with use of the dependence with the ratio of the considered and the design loads is questioned. The problem is solved in the article to refine the reduction coefficients for the design loads. At the same time, the values of the design loads have been corrected, which in the design of road clothes contradict the leading normative documents for the design of highways. A new gradation of the reduction coefficients is proposed, excluding unacceptable errors in their use for the calculation of pavements by the strength criteria.

Keywords: pavements, design loads, coefficients of reduction.

References:

1. Radovsky B.S. Teoreticheskie osnovy konstruirovanija i raschjota nezhjostkih dorozhnyh odezhd na vozdejstvie ot nagruzok (Theoretical bases of designing and calculation of non-rigid road clothes on impact from loads), Doctor’s thesis, Moscow, MADI, 1982, 535 p.
2. Proektirovanie nezhjostkih dorozhnyh odezhd, ODN 218.046-01 (Designing non-rigid road clothes, Industry road standards 218.046-01), Moscow, Ministerstvo transporta Rossijskoj Federacii, Gosudarstvennaja sluzhba dorozhnogo hozjajstva, 2001. – 145 p.
3. Proektirovanie nezhjostkih dorozhnyh odezhd, MODN 2-2001 (Design of non-rigid road clothes, Interstate industry road standards 2-2001), Moscow, Mezhpravitel'stvennyj sovet dorozhnikov, 2002, 155 p.
4. Metodicheskie rekomendacii po proektirovaniju zhjostkih dorozhnyh odezhd (vzamen VSN 197-91) (Methodical recommendations on the design of rigid road clothes (instead of VSN 197-91)), Moscow, Gosudarstvennaja sluzhba dorozhnogo hozjajstva (Rosavtodor), 2004, 135 p.
5. Goryachev M.G., Ma Ch. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2013, no. 1, pp. 111a-117.
6. Dorogi avtomobil'nye obshhego pol'zovanija. Normativnye nagruzki, raschjotnye shemy nagruzhenija, GOST 32960-2014 (Roads of public use. Normative loads, design loading schemes, State Standart 32960-2014), Moscow, Standardinform, 2015, 6 p.
7. Avtomobil'nye dorogi. Aktualizirovannaja redakcija SNiP 2.05.02-85, SP 34.13330-2012 (Car roads. The updated version of State Standart 2.05.02-85, Set of rules 34.13330-2012), Moscow, OOO «Analitik», 2012, 106 p.
8. Dorogi avtomobil'nye obschego pol'zovanija. Metody uchjota intensivnosti dvizhenija transportnogo potoka, GOST 32965-2014 (Roads of public use. Methods for recording the traffic flow, State Standart 32965-2014), Moscow, Standardinform, 2016, 22 p.

Abstract:

The design of pavement depends on many factors. The initial initial data are the prospective intensity of the traffic flow, its composition and the choice of load on the axis of the settlement car. The traffic on the road in turn is determined by the level of motorization, the state of socio-economic development, the place of the road in the functional classification, its transport-operational condition, the availability of an alternative road, etc. The article presents the results of the study of the rates of motorization in the Republic of Tajikistan and certain regions, the traffic intensity, the composition of the traffic flow and the existing actual axle loads on the Dushanbe-Kurgan-Tyube highway. The analysis of the received data with change of hour traffic intensity on motor road and axial loads which exceed the value of regulatory requirements is performed. General information is given on the methodology for calculating non-rigid pavements in the Republic of Tajikistan. It provides information on the overloaded trucks that drive through the roads of the CIS countries, as well as the modern solution to this problem by implementing the concept of "perpetual pavements" and the need to take other for engineering and technological measures in the design and construction of road pavement construction.

Keywords: traffic, composition of traffic flow, pavement, axle loads.

References:

1. Rasulov T.A, Jobirov F. Dorogi Sodruzhestva Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv, 2016, no. 7 (54), pp. 104-106.
2. Radovskiy B.S., Kontseptsiya vechnykh dorozhnykh odezhd, http://elima.ru/articles/index.php?id=28
3. Natsional’nyy doklad o razvitii naselonnykh punktov Respubliki Tadzhikistan k Vsemirnoy konferentsii OON po naselonnym punktam KHABITAT III, Dushanbe 2016, http://emsu.ru/face/um/2017/1/5-Khabitat-3%20-%20Natsional’nyye%20doklady%205.pdf
4. Dorogi avtomobil’nyye obshchego pol’zovaniya. Metody uchota intensivnosti dvizheniya transportnogo potoka, GOST 32965-2014 (Roads of public use. Methods for recording the traffic flow, State Standart), Moscow, Standartinfrm, 2016, 26 p.
5. Postanovleniye Respubliki Tadzhikistan «Ob utverzhdenii Pravil propuska po avtomobil’nym dorogam transportnykh sredstv s nagruzkami I gabaritami, prevyshayushchiye ustanovlennyye normy», ot 29.12.2006 y. no. 779, http://www.mintrans.tj/sites/default/files/2015/July/koidahoi_az_rohhoi_avtomobilgard_guzashtani_rusi.pdf
6. Proyektirovaniye nezhostkikh dorozhnykh odezhd, MODN 2-2001 (Design of non-rigid pavements, Interstate industry road standards 2-2001), Moscow: FGUP «Soyuzdornii», 2002, 155 p.
7. Akhmedov K.M., Karimov B.B., Mezhdunarodnyye avtomobil’nyye dorogi (International highways), Moscow, Intransdornauka, 2013, 398 p.
8. 8.    Apestin, V.K. Nauka I tekhnika v dorozhnoy otrasli, 2016, no. 4 (78), pp. 6-7.
9. Akhmedov K.M. Nauchnyye osnovy proyektirovaniya nezhestkikh dorozhnykh odezhd mezhdunarodnykh avtomobil’nykh dorog s uchetom regional’nykh prirodno-klimaticheskikh I gruntovo-gidrologicheskikh usloviy (na primere Azerbaydzhanskoy Respubliki) (Scientific foundations of designing non-rigid pavements of international highways taking into account regional natural-climatic and soil-hydrological conditions (on the example of the Republic of Azerbaijan)), Doctor’s thesis, Minsk, BNTU, 2017, 41 p.
10. Proyektirovaniye dorozhnykh odezhd ulits I dorog naselonnykh punktov, TKP 45-3.03-3-2004 (Design of road pavements of streets and roads of settlements, Technical Code of Installed Practice 45-3.03-3-2004), Minsk, Ministerstvo arkhitektury I stroitel’stva Respubliki Belarus’, 2009, 54 p.
11. Shumchik V.K., Yaromko V.N., Kravchenko S.Ye. Avtomobil’nyye dorogi I mosty, 2016, no. 1,pp. 78-81.
12. Nemchinov, M.V. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorodnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2017, issue 4 (51), pp. 69-78.

Abstract:

The article contains information about road tunnels construction in disturbed areas in Tajikistan. By means of the simulation model analyzed tunneling of disturbed area in the software package Midas GTS NX, by the finite elements (FE). For quantitative analyses which don’t have analytical description applied numerical modeling. Numerical modeling on the basis of FE allows to define tension and deformation in zones of tectonic violations and also in designs of a temporary and permanent support of a tunnel. During creation of simulation model, was choose 80 m of jointed rock mass in limestones and claystone of road tunnel Khatlon (length of the tunnel 4450 m). Soil is considered as isotropic material according to Mohr-Coulomb, temporary and permanent support and rock bolt considered as springy isotropic materials. The tectonic joint was considered on models as the Interface and Pile Interface. Width and height of the rock mass model are accepted equal 100х100 m.

Keywords: road tunnels, tectonic disturbed area, numerical modeling, FE.

References:

1. Tonneli zheleznodorozhnie i avtodorozhnie. Aktualizirovannaya redaktsiya SNIP 32-04-97, SP 122.13330.2012 (Rail and road tunnels. Staticized edition SNIP 32-04-97, Set of rules 122.13330.2012), Moscow, 2013, 156 p.
2. Garber V.A. Nauchnoe obespechenie proektirovaniya, stroitelstvo i ekspluatatsiya transportnikh tonneley i metropolitenov (Scientific ensuring design, construction and operation of transport tunnels and subways), Moscow, Pero, 2015, 85 p.
3. Rukovodstvo polzovatelya Plaxis. Versiya 8 (User's guide Plaxis. Editions 8) St. Petersburg, NIP-Informatika, 2002.
4. Tutorial 33. 3D Analysis for Tunnel Excavation in Jointed Rock Mass, Midas GTS 3D. – URL: http://en.midasuser.com/training/tutorial_list.asp?nCat2=132
5. Makovsky L.V., Din T.V. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2017, issue 2 (49), pp. 70-76.
6. Ranjan G., Rao A.S.R. Basic and applied soil mechanics, 2^nd Edition. New Age Ltd, New Delhi, 2005, 715 p.
7. Bulitchev N.S. Mekhanika podzemnikh sooruzheniy (Mechanics of underground construction), Moscow, Nedra, 1994, 382 p.
8. Małkowski P. Behavior of joints in sandstones during the shear test, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283028700_Behaviour_of_joints_in_sandstones_during_the_shear_test
9. Singh Bhawani, Goel R.K. Tunneling in Weak Rocks. – (Elsevier geo-engineering book series; v. 5), Elsevier Ltd, UK, 2006, 509 p.
10. Polyakova T.U., Makovsky L.V., Tishkova I.A. Uchebniy anglo-russkiy I russko-angliyskiy terminologicheskiy slovar-minimum. Transportnie tonneli (Educational English-Russian and Russian-English terminological dictionary minimum. Transport tunnels), Moscow, MADI, 2013, 100 p.

Abstract:

This article presents the methodology of optimization of process of dosage of components in a mobile mixing plant. They are the most promising type of machines for the production of composite materials which are capable of providing a predetermined level of performance quality in field conditions. The relevance of this research direction is based on the need of studying the modes of operation of the mobile mixing plant in the batching process components and the establishment of regularities of their influence on the performance of engineering structures with special properties made of modern composite materials. The quality of the final products depends on the correctness of the choice and observance of modes of operation of the machinery and equipment involved in the production of works. Improvement of operating modes of mobile concrete mixing plants aimed at increasing productivity and ensuring the stability of the final products with predictable characteristics. To do this, the control process of the multicomponent batching in a mobile mixing plant with the formalization of the law of the dose control component. The analysis of the dosing accuracy in a mobile mixing plant on the basis of the calculation of the variances of the above errors dispensing with coherent dosing and the comparative evaluation with incoherent dosing.

Keywords: mobile concrete mixing plant, optimization, operating modes, dispersion, control law.

References:

1. Borshchevskij A.A., Il’in A.S. Mekhanicheskoye oborudovaniye dlya proizvodstva stroitel'nykh materialov i izdeliy (Mechanical equipment for the production of building materials and products), Moscow, Visshay shkola, 1987, 368 p.
2. Gematudinov R.A., Romanov K.S., Chantiyeva M.E., Shukhin V.V. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2010, issue 4, pp. 110-113.
3. Marsov M.V., Tihonov A.F., Bokarev E.I., Gematudinov R.A. Mekhanizatsiya stroitel'stva, 2010, no. 1, pp. 17-19.
4. Zaripova I.I., Ilyukhin A.V. Novyye materialy i tekhnologii v mashinostroyenii, 2017, no. 25, pp. 104-107.
5. Zorin V.A., Zaripova I.I. Mekhanizatsiya stroitel'stva, 2017, vol. 78, no. 10, pp. 28-31.
6. Ilyukhin A.V., Kolbasin A.M., Abdulkhanova M.YU., Din' A.N. Avtomatizatsiya i upravleniye v tekhnicheskikh sistemakh, 2014, no. 1.2 (9), pp. 149-157.
7. Ilyukhin A.V., Marsov V.I., Marsova Ye.V., Buy K.T. Vestnik Moskovskogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta (MADI), 2017, issue 3 (50), pp. 119-126.
8. Abdulkhanova M.YU., Kolbasin A.M., Marsov V.I. Mekhanicheskoye oborudovaniye predpriyatiy stroyindustrii (Mechanical equipment of enterprises of the construction industry), Moscow, MADI, 2014, 120 p.
9. Ore O. Teoriya grafov (Graph theory), Moscow, Nauka, Glavnaya redaktsiya fiziko-matematicheskoy literatury, 1980, 336 p.
10. Protasov I.D. Teoriya igr i issledovaniye operatsiy (Theory of games and operations research), Moscow, Gelios ARV, 2006, 368 p.
11. Reyngol'd E., Nivergel't YU., Deo N. Kombinatornyye algoritmy (Combinatorial Algorithms), Moscow, Mir, 1980, 476 p.

Abstract:

The article provides an overview about impact of a mixture transport processes on the quality finish coating. The proposed solution maintains temperature asphalt mix during transportation. Discuss development trend to production process asphalt mix and technological process transportation mixture asphalt from asphalt plant to place installation in existing conditions Vietnam. General principles technological process and system management transport asphalt in Vietnam.
Authors conducted an experimental study process transporting asphalt mix in the company BMT (Vietnam). The article presents the change in the temperature asphalt mix in truck body during transportation mixture from asphalt plant to asphalt pavers. Temperature asphalt mix measured at three points in body at a depth up to 5 cm – 10 cm – 15 cm, respectively every hour. The article indicates ways tackle problem of stabilizing temperature asphalt mixture when it is unloaded into paver in conditions transport.

Keywords: manage temperature, transport asphalt, temperature asphalt, temperature asphalt mixture when it is unloaded into asphalt paver, conditions transportation asphalt-concrete mixture.

References:

1. Vorob’ev V.A., Suvorov D.N., Kotljarskij Je.V., Docenko V.I., Popov V.A. Komp’juternoe modelirovanie v avtomatizacii proizvodstva asfal’tobetonnoj smesi. Kniga 2.Prakticheskie razrabotki (Computer modeling in automation of production of asphalt concrete mix. Book 2.Practical development), Moscow, lzdatel’stvo Rossijskoj inzhenernoj akademii, 2009, 732 p.
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Abstract:

This article considers the legal regulation of taxi transportations. The status of Internet aggregators is analyzed from the point of view of the current rules for the transportation of passengers in the Russian Federation. Government Decision no. 112 of 14.02.2009. Attention is paid to the cause and effect relations between the principles that are governed by Internet aggregators and their legal responsibility for the quality and safety of taxi services provided on the basis of information received from them. The issues of compliance of legal obligations arising on the one hand between Internet aggregators and the passenger and the passenger and the carrier on the other side of their compliance with civil and legal and administrative legislation of the Russian Federation are considered. On the basis of the analysis, problems were identified in the activities of mobile services on the order of a car taxi and their relationship with the presence of illegal carriers in the market of services under study. Questions were raised about the conformity of quality, safety and cost of services rendered to the requirements of FZ-2300-1 of 07.02.1992 "On Protection of Consumer Rights in the Russian Federation". Particular attention is paid to the lack of a systemic and interrelated approach to the regulation of the area associated with the carriage of passengers by passenger cars, taking into account the rapid development of information technology. It is noted that FZ-69 of April 21, 2011 has a framework character does not answer many current issues of the day, does not contain a whole range of terms and definitions that are used in practice, in particular, what is an "illegal carrier" and "Internet service for the order of a taxi". Based on the study carried out by the authors, it is proposed to introduce a number of amendments to the regulation of the activity of taxi transport.

Keywords: taxi services, internet aggregators, passenger transportation, Uber, protection of passengers' rights.

References:

1. Filippova N.A., Bezjazychnaja T.A. Avtomatizacija i upravlenie v tehnicheskih sistemah, 2015, no. 3, pp. 142-147.
2. Mavrichenko V.N. Avtotransportnoe predprijatie, 2010, no. 10, pp. 25-26.
3. Bludjan N.O., Moroz D.G., Hejfic P.I. Avtomatizacija i upravlenie v tehnicheskih sistemah, 2014, no. 1.1 (8), pp. 62-73.
4. Vjazova G.A., Leont'ev R.G., Barchukov A.V. Transport: nauka, tehnika, upravlenie, 2015, no. 2, pp. 30-33.
5. Mel'nikova T.E., Mel'nikov S.E., Parshina D.I. Obrazovanie. Nauka. Nauchnye kadry, 2015, no. 8, pp.26-30.
6. Mel'nikova T.E. Transportnoe pravo, 2015, no. 1, pp.12-14.
7. Li I. Moskovskij rynok taks vyros za god bolee chem v dva raza, http://www.rbc.ru/technology_and_media/23/03/2017/58d286ca9a7947f49fff2ba3.
8. Zhidkova M.A. Transport. Transportnye sooruzhenija. Jekologija, 2016, no. 2, pp. 30-42.
9. Zhidkova M.A. Avtotransportnoe predprijatie, 2016, no. 3, pp. 3-6.
10. Filatov A. Obratnaja storona “Uberizacii”: mozhno li sudit'sja s mobil'noj platformoj?, http://www.rbc.ru/opinions/society/16/02/2016/56c2f7af9a794704ac3342aa.

Abstract:

The paper outlines the basic principles and methodology for estimating the monetary equivalent of environmental harm from air pollution through the use of airfield machines. Since the term "harm" is applicable solely for assessing the environmental friendliness of technology, and in economic calculations it is advisable to use the term "damage", then the concept of environmental and economic damage is used to assess the harm caused to the air by harmful emissions of machinery. The procedure for calculating the environmental and economic damage from air pollution is given taking into account the currently valid value of the normalizing constant, which translates the level of pollution of the territory into a monetary equivalent of harm. The main stages of determining the environmental and economic damage are given in the form of an algorithm. The updated values of the mass of harmful substances contained in the exhaust gases, per ton of fuel consumption, were used in the work. The article presents the results of calculations of the standards of environmental and economic damage in the combustion of one kilogram of fuel (both petrol and diesel) for airports of different classes. The procedure for determining the fuel consumption of airfield machines is considered in detail. The received technique is recommended to be used to justify the choice of the most environmentally friendly equipment, the planned designation of which is the maintenance and repair of airfields.

Keywords: ecological and economic harm, airport car emissions, air environment.

References:

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Abstract:

Of all types of urban transport is the most noisy tram. The high level of noise from tram traffic is one of the main reasons for the tendency to reduce tram lines in some cities. However, the tram has a number of advantages. It is an environmentally friendly, non-polluting vehicle that helps to unload city traffic flows and reduce traffic jams in the city center. These advantages have led to the fact that in recent decades there has been an increase in the network of tram lines in such major European cities as Paris, Brussels, London and others. When reducing the noise generated by the tram, it may well win the competition with other modes of transport. The noise sources from the modern tram are mostly close to the ground. Therefore, a properly designed low acoustic screen can be an effective means to protect against tram noise, even near the tram track. Experimental studies, various versions of D. Maekawa's theory, the boundary element method (BEM) and the finite element method (FEM) are used to calculate the efficiency of acoustic screens. In this paper, the finite element package Actran 17.0 is used to study the efficiency of low-altitude acoustic screens.

Keywords: noise protection, acoustic screens low height, finite element calculation of the acoustic screens.

References:

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